Coenzyme Q10, also known as ubiquinone, ubidecarenone, coenzyme Q, and abbreviated benzoquinone, where Q refers to the quinone chemical group, and 10 refers to the number of isoprenyl chemical subunits in its tail.

This oil-soluble, vitamin-like substance is present in most eukaryotic cells, primarily in the mitochondria. It is a component of the electron transport chain and participates in aerobic cellular respiration, generating energy in the form of ATP. Ninety-five percent of the human body's energy is generated this way. [1][2] Therefore, those organs with the highest energy requirements_such as the heart, liver and kidney_have the highest CoQ10 concentrations. [3][4][5] There are three redox states of CoQ10: Fully oxidized (ubiquinone), semiquinone (ubisemiquinone), and fully reduced (ubiquinol). The capacity of this molecule to exist in a completely oxidized form and a completely reduced form enables it to perform its functions in the electron transport chain, and as an antioxidant, respectively.

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