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First, the characteristics of artichoke nutrition and fertilizer:
Artichokes are potassium-producing crops, which require the most potassium fertilizer during the whole growth period, followed by nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer. But the ingredients are different in different growth stages of artichokes.
Nitrogen fertilizer can make the stems and leaves grow lush, the leaves are dark green, the photosynthesis is strong, the accumulation of organic matter is increased, and the protein content is increased. If it is excessive, the plants will grow wild in the late growth stage, the maturity period will be delayed, and the yield will decrease.
Phosphate fertilizer can promote the growth of plants, improve tuber quality and storability, and increase starch content and yield. In the absence of phosphorus, the dwarf leaves are small, the photosynthesis is weakened, the yield is reduced, and the potato pieces are hollow, rust, hardened, and poorly cooked. Excessive phosphorus, enhanced respiration of crops, large consumption of phosphorus compounds, thick and dense leaves, premature development of systemic organs, inhibition of stem and leaf growth, easy to cause premature aging. Water-soluble phosphates can form compounds with low solubility with elements such as zinc, iron, and magnesium in the soil, reducing the effectiveness.
Potassium fertilizer can enhance the disease resistance and cold tolerance of plants, accelerate the operation of nutrients, and increase the starch and vitamins in tubers. Insufficient potassium, growth is inhibited, the aerial part is dwarfed, the internodes are shortened, the plants are clustered, the leaves are small and dark green, and gradually become bronze, until the dead, the tubers are mostly elongated or spindle-shaped.
Boron is beneficial to tuber swelling and crack prevention, and has a special effect on improving the net photosynthetic productivity of plants.
Copper can increase the protein content, enhance the respiration of plants, increase chlorophyll content, delay leaf senescence and drought resistance, and improve plant net photosynthetic productivity.
Calcium and magnesium increase with the expansion of tubers, and the absorption of inorganic components of magnesium accounts for about 50%.
Second, the technical points of artichoke fertilization:
Base fertilizer: 80% of the fertilizer in the growth period of the artichoke is derived from the base fertilizer, and the application of the base fertilizer must be emphasized in cultivation. If the base fertilizer is insufficient, it is necessary to apply fertilizer during the sowing period.
Topdressing: The seedling stage of the artichoke is short, and it is the foundation period for rooting and planting. Seedlings and early catching fertilizer, 15-20 kg of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer per acre, scattered between rows, cultivating and watering. Into the flowering period, see the flower buds can apply 20 kg of potassium sulfate per acre to prevent premature aging. The potato season depends on the growth. Stem and leaves prematurely yellow, can be a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer, or foliar spray fertilizer, no longer topdressing after sealing the ridge.
3. Fertilization standards and formulas of artichokes According to the principle of total nutrient fertilization, in addition to the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the application of medium and trace element fertilizers should be paid to meet the normal, high-quality and nutrient growth requirements of artichokes and obtain high yield. The yield of spring sowing mulch is determined by 2000 kg, and the fertilization formula is as follows:
1. Seed potato compost: After cutting the seed potato, mix it directly with “Saizhong 28†fertilizer.
2. Base fertilizer: 1 urea 10-15 kg, diammonium 7.5-10 kg, potassium fertilizer 20-25 kg, "Saizhong 28" fertilizer 28.25 kg; 2 hydrogen ammonia 40-60 kg, phosphate fertilizer 38-50 kg, potassium fertilizer 20-25 kg , "Saizhong 28" fertilizer 28.50 kg.
The asexual reproduction process of artichoke (also known as potato) must pass through three growth stages: germination, seedling and germination. When the temperature reaches 4 °C, it can germinate, and the growth rate of buds is the fastest at 13 °C. The optimum temperature for stem and leaf growth is 21 °C, the optimum temperature for stem formation, 14 °C - 24 °C during the day, and 12 °C - 17 °C during the evening. Short daylight and strong light are beneficial to tuber enlargement, but the temperature is too high. The tubers are small. Planting spring sowing mulch must choose a land with good drainage and irrigation conditions, deep ploughing, and fertile and loose soil.
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