1. Which PV projects are specifically applied to the "indicators"? The standards for photovoltaic land use include land standards for photovoltaic product manufacturers and land standards for photovoltaic power stations. At present, land for photovoltaic product manufacturing enterprises is approved by the Ministry of Land and Resources and issued by the Ministry of Land and Resources for Controlling Land Use for Industrial Projects, including investment intensity, floor area ratio, office and production support facilities, and no more than 7% of land use, and the building coefficient is no less than 30%. Not more than 20%. Solar photovoltaic power generation can be divided into distributed photovoltaic power generation and centralized photovoltaic power generation. Distributed photovoltaic power generation is a distributed power generation system that uses photovoltaic modules to directly convert solar energy into electrical energy. It is flexible in installation and utilizes the lighting surface of existing buildings to install photovoltaic materials for power generation. Distributed photovoltaic power generation generally does not occupy or cover a limited area. "Control targets for photovoltaic power plant engineering land" (hereinafter referred to as "indicators") does not involve such projects, and the applicable ground photovoltaic power station projects are newly built, reconstructed and expanded. Renovation and expansion projects should make full use of existing sites and facilities. When additional land is needed, their land use indicators should be controlled within the scope of the same construction-scale project land index in the “Indicatorsâ€. The technical renovation and upgrading project should be carried out in the original site under the premise of satisfying the production requirements and safety and environmental protection. 2. What part of photovoltaic land should be managed according to construction land? This year, the Ministry of Land and Resources, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and the Ministry of Commerce’s “Opinions on Supporting the Development of New Industries and New Formats and Improving the Use of Innovative Sites for Mass Business Entrepreneurship†(PRC 2015) 〔〕 No. 5): Photovoltaic, wind power and other projects using Gobi, desert, wasteland, and other unused land, land pressure does not occupy the land, does not change the form of land surface, can be identified as the original category, does not change the use of land , Annotations are made during the annual land change survey, land use is allowed to be obtained through leasing, etc. Both parties sign a good compensation agreement and the land is reported to the local county-level land and resources department for record. For the part of the project's permanent construction land, the construction land should be handled according to law; For the construction of occupation of agricultural land, all land use shall be managed according to construction land. Therefore, the "Index" requires that the issuance of a land transfer decision for a PV power station project and the signing of a transfer contract shall clearly specify or agree the total size of the construction project land and the scale of the land for each functional division. 3. Which of the following factors should be considered when determining the overall indicators? "Index" is divided into overall indicators and sub-indicators. The overall indicator is the overall control over the land size of the project; based on the functional zoning, it also specifies four sub-indicators for the photovoltaic phalanx, substation and operation management center, current collection circuit and on-site road. The size of the PV power station project land is directly related to the photovoltaic module's power generation efficiency, the installation latitude, the location of the project area, the arrangement of photovoltaic arrays, and the boost level of the booster station. Therefore, the overall indicator in the "Index" is determined based on these four factors. 4. Why is the conversion efficiency range determined at 8% to 30%? The power of a photovoltaic module is the ability of the photovoltaic module to convert solar energy into electrical energy. The conversion efficiency measures the solar cell's ability to convert solar energy into electricity. The higher the conversion efficiency, the greater the output of the same large module. Conversion efficiency is an important parameter to measure the performance of solar cells or components. Generally speaking, the higher the conversion efficiency of PV modules, the smaller the construction project will occupy the land. The efficiency of photovoltaic modules referred to in the "Indicator" refers to the full-area efficiency of photovoltaic modules: Photovoltaic module full area efficiency = photovoltaic module power / photovoltaic module area. In the “Indexâ€, the conversion of photoelectric efficiency is divided into 12 intervals, from 8% to 30%, and every 2% increase is taken as the basic point of calculation, and corresponding control data are listed in the table. At present, the power generation efficiency of thin-film photovoltaic modules with low power generation efficiency is 8% to 12%. Photovoltaic power plants generally use crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules. The photoelectric conversion efficiency is between 12% and 22%, and the high one can reach 24%. The efficiency of high-power condenser components is generally 20% to 28%. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of other photovoltaic power generation components such as amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride, etc. is currently below 20%. However, with the development of science and technology and the use of new materials, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic power generation materials has increased rapidly. With each passing day, photoelectric conversion efficiency will increase to about 30% in the future. Considering the present situation, taking into account the development trend at the same time, when determining the overall efficiency of PV modules, the specific conversion efficiency interval of the “Index†is set at 8% to 30%. For the photovoltaic module power generation efficiency outside the table, you can use the calculation formula of the photovoltaic square matrix to calculate, you can also find the corresponding efficiency interval in the table, use linear interpolation method to calculate. Photovoltaic module photovoltaic conversion efficiency directly determines the scale of land for construction projects. Therefore, photovoltaic power stations are required to be constructed under economically and technically reasonable conditions. Photovoltaic modules with advanced technology and high power generation efficiency should be used preferentially to save intensive land use as much as possible. 5. How to calculate the footprint index within the available latitude range? The calculation of the land size of photovoltaic power stations is closely related to the latitude of the earth in which the project is located. Generally speaking, under the same conditions, the higher the latitude of the project location is, the longer the shadow is, and the more the PV modules block each other, the larger the construction project will occupy the land. The latitude span in China is relatively large, ranging from 3 degrees to 52 degrees north latitude, south of Hainan (agricultural land, commercial and residential areas, and industrial sites) on the southernmost tip of the sand islands of Zengmu arbor (nearby) to 53 degrees north latitude 33 minutes north of Mohe to Heilongjiang (agricultural use). (Mainland, commercial and residential areas, industrial areas) Main Channel (Mohe County). After many arguments by experts, a comprehensive analysis of the available land resources for the specific area of ​​photovoltaic power generation with a centralized layout, the final determination of the "indicator" available latitude range is defined as latitude 18 degrees to 50 degrees. In the specific calculation process, in order to avoid the latitude distance is too far away, the calculated data is not conducive to use, so from 20 degrees latitude and 5 degrees per interval as a calculation of the basic point. The latitude is divided into 8 latitudes for calculation, and the corresponding control data is listed in the table. The specific latitude in which the construction project is located within the interval can be brought into the calculation formula of the photovoltaic square matrix when calculating the land occupation index of the photovoltaic array, and the corresponding latitude interval can also be found in the table, using the linear interpolation method. Calculation. 6. How can the overall indicators be compiled according to the three types of terrain areas? China has a vast territory and complex terrain. The natural slope of the ground varies widely. The terrain that can be used for photovoltaic power station projects is mainly on plains and hills. The classification of terrain has not yet reached a unified standard in the world. At present, there are three types of standard terrain areas, five types of standard terrain areas, and eight types of standard terrain areas. Based on the ground slope and the characteristics of photovoltaic power generation, the "Indicator" divides the topography into three categories, ie, Class I, Class II, and Class III terrains. The overall index of land for photovoltaic power plant construction projects is compiled separately for these three types of terrain areas. Class I terrain area refers to the plain area where the terrain does not have obvious ups and downs, and the natural slope of the ground is less than or equal to 3 degrees; the type II terrain area refers to the terrain with little undulations, and the natural slope of the ground is greater than 3 degrees but less than or equal to 20 degrees and relatively high. The micro-hump area with a difference of less than 200 meters; the area with a class III terrain refers to a hilly terrain or a hilly area where the topography is undulating and the ground has a natural slope of more than 20 degrees and a relative height difference of 200 meters or more. The use of three types of terrain areas covers a wide coverage of topography and landforms and basically covers all terrain and geomorphology in China. At the same time, it also improves the scientificity and accuracy of the scale control of photovoltaic power station projects under various land conditions. 7. What is the formula for calculating the overall land use scale? The overall index of land for photovoltaic power plant construction projects includes the land area of ​​the four sub-indicators. With the increase of the generating capacity of photovoltaic power stations, the area of ​​land for photovoltaic square arrays, current collector circuits, and roads will increase exponentially. The area of ​​land for substations and operation and management centers will increase, but it will not increase. It is multiplied. However, a large number of examples have proved that substations and operation management centers occupy a small proportion of the total land area. For example, in the I-type terrain area, the fixed-type photovoltaic power station 10 megawatts of land, the low-latitude substation and the operation and management center account for 0.68% of the total land-use scale; the high-latitude substation and the operation and management center occupy the total land area. The ratio is 0.58%; the use of high-latitude and high-efficiency substations and operation and management centers accounts for 4.54% of the total land use. In Class III terrain area, the land occupied by 10MW of two-axis tracking type photovoltaic power station, the substation and operation management center account for 0.28% of the total land use, and the high-latitude and high-efficiency substation and operation management center occupy the total land use. The proportion of the scale is 2.80%. After calculation, the land used for substations and operation management centers in the total land use index does not exceed 5% of the total land use. Therefore, in the calculation of the total land use scale of PV power station land, the relative increase in the land area of ​​the substation and operation management center is relatively small and is not reflected in the calculation formula. The formula is: Land area = 10 MW Photovoltaic field area × (actual total installed capacity / 10 MW) 8. How to calculate the scale of the PV array land? Photovoltaic phalanx is the most important functional zoning in photovoltaic power plant engineering projects, and it is also the largest component of land use. Photovoltaic power stations Photovoltaic arrays can be divided into four types of installations: fixed, flat single-axis tracking, single-axis oblique tracking, and dual-axis tracking. For the calculation of the scale of land for PV arrays, the calculation method of the ground coordinate tracking phalanx and the equator tracking phalanx are used. The calculation conditions of the photovoltaic phalanx are set according to the “Specifications for the Design of Photovoltaic Power Plantsâ€. After the study, the The actual situation has made corresponding adjustments. In the "Indicators", the land use indicators of the four types of arrangement under the condition of the topography of Class I are listed. Under other terrain conditions, adjustments can be made according to the Terrain Adjustment Factor Table for Topographic Photovoltaic Land Use. The “Indicators†require that photovoltaic power generation companies should prioritize the use of photovoltaic modules with advanced technology and high power generation efficiency. According to the project’s land resources and costs, taking into account the land, power generation and cost factors, determine the best plan to calculate the photovoltaic array. Construction use. 9. Which of the four layout methods of PV arrays is more economical? The layout of the four types of photovoltaic arrays in fixed, flat single-axis tracking, inclined single-axis tracking and dual-axis tracking is performed under the conditions of the total area efficiency of PV modules, the latitude of the installation location, and the location of the location area. According to the calculation of the "Indicators," the basic area is the largest footprint of the dual-axis tracking system. According to the investigation, at present, the arrangement of photovoltaic arrays commonly used in China is fixed, accounting for about 95% of the survey items. 10. Why should a maximum of 100 hectares of land be used? "The State Council's Opinions on Promoting the Healthy Development of the Photovoltaic Industry" (Guofa (2013) No. 24) requires photovoltaic modules to increase efficiency, and explicitly states that strict control over the newly expanded polysilicon, photovoltaic cell, and component projects with only simple expansion of production capacity; photovoltaic manufacturers should With advanced technology and strong independent research and development capabilities, the new photovoltaic manufacturing project should meet the conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells is not less than 20%, the conversion efficiency of polysilicon photovoltaic cells is not less than 18%, and the conversion efficiency of thin film photovoltaic cells is not lower than 12%. Judging from the current situation of the existing projects, the use of low-efficiency components (with a power generation efficiency of 20% or less) and follow-up operation modes in high-latitude areas (latitudes above 45 degrees) is unreasonable from a technical and economic point of view and the scale of land use. In practice, there is basically no construction project for photovoltaic power generation using low-efficiency component tracking at high latitudes. Up to now, domestic and international cases have not yet discovered actual construction projects with 10 megawatts of land area exceeding 100 hectares. Later, with the development of science and technology and technological progress, the efficiency of high-efficiency modules using new technologies and new materials will inevitably increase, and the amount of land used will be reduced accordingly. Considering the low efficiency level of mass production and high-efficiency modules for photovoltaic components currently used in construction projects, the upper limit of 100 hectares for 10 MW photovoltaic power plant is determined according to the calculation results, which is in line with current practice. Solar power is the ultimate renewable energy source whether you're an eco-minded consumer or practical individualist. The sun's light is sustainable energy that provides a resource that is renewable and has a very low carbon footprint. Solarhome is a premier provider of reliable, durable, proven photovoltaic systems from leading manufacturers, allowing you to harness this free energy alternative. Our grid-tie and battery backup options mean those cloudy days and long nights won't leave you without electricity. 250 Watt Solar Panel,Solar Panel,200 Watt Solar Panel,Solar Module Yangzhou Beyond Solar Energy Co.,Ltd. , https://www.ckbsolar.com