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In response to the current growth trends of soybean seedlings and future weather forecasts, the Ministry of Agriculture's soybean expert group has issued field management recommendations focusing on "preventing pests, promoting early maturity, and increasing grain weight." These strategies aim to ensure optimal soybean development under varying climatic conditions.
Timely drainage and flood control are essential, especially in the northeastern region where summer rains are frequent. Low-lying areas prone to waterlogging should be drained immediately after rainfall using mechanical or trench drainage methods. This helps remove standing water from the field and plow layer, preventing root damage. After drainage, plants should be straightened, and any surface sludge should be washed away to restore normal photosynthesis as quickly as possible.
Cultivation and weeding play a crucial role in promoting healthy plant growth. Due to delayed sowing in the northern part of the fourth warm zone this year, some soybean seedlings are weak and stunted. Cultivating the soil, removing weeds, and applying topdressing can help accelerate growth before the canopy closes. Additionally, it is important to prevent soil compaction, which can hinder root development. In the mid to late stages of growth, manually removing large weeds such as Xanthium, Scutellaria, and other invasive species improves air circulation and light penetration, supporting better soybean growth.
Foliar fertilizer application is another key practice for promoting early maturity. Spraying foliar nutrients during the early flowering and pod formation stages can increase pod numbers and grain weight. This is particularly beneficial this year, as the growing season has been delayed. Applying foliar sprays like urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can speed up the maturation process and reduce the risk of frost damage. A typical application includes 350–700 grams of urea and 150–300 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per acre. Additional micro-nutrients such as 25 grams of ammonium molybdate and 100 grams of borax can be added based on soil deficiencies. The mixture should be sprayed with water, preferably after 4 p.m., and applied 2–3 times during the flowering period.
Timely harvesting is critical for reducing losses. For normally mature varieties, harvesting should begin when all the leaves have fallen, stems are dry, and the grains have reached their characteristic color with moisture content below 18%. Mechanical or manual harvesting should be done carefully to avoid leaving bottom pods or scattering branches, minimizing field loss. The goal is to achieve low breakage rates and clean grain. For late-maturing varieties, a segmented harvesting approach is recommended, followed by post-drying threshing to improve quality.
Author: CITIC
Source: Rural News
This guide provides farmers with practical steps to optimize soybean production, ensuring better yields and quality. By following these expert-recommended practices, growers can adapt to changing environmental conditions and maximize their harvests.