High purity Polyaluminum chloride PAC 30% supplier
1.PRODUCT APPEARANCE: APPEARANCE: The solid product is produced by the spray drying technology and the obtained product is light yellow, Corresponding liquid products is light yellow.
2.RAW MATERIALS:Domestic high-quality aluminium hydroxide,High-quality calcium aluminate,High-quality hydrochloric acid
3.USAGE: Drinking water treatment Treatment of high-purity water
4.Product Advantages:
1). Flocculation ability, high adsorption activity, floc formation and deposition of fast
5.Storage: The products shall be sealed and stored in the dry and ventilated place to prevent from rain ,high temperature and strong sunlight .
6.Application method:
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On August 11, the Chongqing Municipal Development and Reform Commission and the Municipal Rail Group jointly announced that the Chongqing Feasibility Study Report on the Orbital Loop Project has successfully passed the expert review and will start construction before the end of the year and the trial operation will be launched in 2018. This is the first rail transit project organized by Chongqing itself after the approval of the national derailment rail transit project. The total investment estimate of the project is 31.418 billion yuan.
At the same time, the “Feasibility Study Report†of the north extension of Chongqing Light Rail Line 3 was approved, and the approval letter from the Chongqing Municipal Development and Reform Commission was also obtained. The reply letter stated that the line will start in 2013 with a total construction period of 30 months. . Compared with the orbital ring line, the total investment of this project is much less, about 4.1 billion yuan, and the construction period is 30 months.
The two urban rail transit projects approved by the local development and reform commission in Chongqing are only a microcosm of the local government's active investment in the construction of local transportation facilities after the National Development and Reform Commission decentralized the approval authority.
Urban infrastructure construction into investment focus
According to a rough estimate by our reporter, the development and reform departments of more than 10 cities recently approved the application for the construction of local construction urban transportation projects.
The budget proposal for the first phase of the supporting project of Zhuhai Tram Line 1 has been approved. The total estimated cost of the project is about 850 million yuan.
The northwest region is not backward. On August 7, the Gansu Provincial Development and Reform Commission approved the “Feasibility Study Report for the First Phase of Lanzhou Urban Rail Transit Line 1†by Ganfa Transit and Movement [2013] No. 1354. The project feasibility study report approved a total investment of 18.943 billion yuan. In addition, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Huainan, Hubei, Wuhan, Hunan, Changsha and other cities are planning or preparing to build new urban rail construction projects.
The new round of local government urban rail project construction boom is closely related to the big macro situation and policy direction.
The State Council executive meeting on July 31 deployed the strengthening of urban infrastructure construction. The meeting held that strengthening urban infrastructure construction and focusing on improving weak links can not only stimulate effective investment and consumption, but also enhance the city's comprehensive carrying capacity, benefit the masses, and improve the quality of new urbanization with people as the core.
At the second half of the work deployment meeting held by the Ministry of Transport in the first half of the year, Minister Yang Chuantang also clearly stated that vigorously promoting urban rail transit construction is one of the five major priorities of traffic work in the second half of the year.
Wang Mengshu, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said that during this time he was very busy and almost ran around the cities of the country. "Almost all cities are planning and building subways and urban railroads."
According to the estimation of Huamao Kun, the chief engineer of the former Ministry of Railways and the president of the China Railway Construction and New Technology Promotion Association, there are currently 36 cities that have approved the construction of rail transit. By 2020, the mileage of China's rail transit will reach nearly 6,000 kilometers. Investment in rail transit will reach 4 trillion yuan.
This statement was officially confirmed. Li Guoyong, inspector of the National Development and Reform Commission’s Basic Division, said that by 2015, China’s rail transit will reach more than 3,000 kilometers, reaching 6,000 kilometers by 2020, and the required investment will be between 3 trillion and 40,000. Billion between.
This investment calculation is also in line with the current cost of urban rail. Our reporter learned from several academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and engineering construction parties that the current cost of one kilometer of urban rail is between 500 million and 700 million yuan. It will reach about 1 billion yuan. At the end of 2012, the total mileage of national rail transit will be around 2,000 kilometers. With the rising prices, by 2020, the investment of 4,000 kilometers of mileage will exceed 3 trillion.
Urban rail reporting conditions are seriously lagging behind
In recent years, the investment amount and mileage of urban rail construction have been increasing. According to the statistics of the National Development and Reform Commission, the investment in urban rail transit in China will reach 220 billion yuan this year, an increase of 40 billion yuan over last year. The mileage to be put into production this year will be 290 kilometers. At the end of the year, there will be 19 cities in China with a total mileage of 2,366 kilometers.
Zhao Jian, a professor at the School of Economics and Management of Beijing Jiaotong University, believes that in the case that the local government’s investment responsibility is not clear, and the current situation of accumulating local debt has not been fundamentally changed, it has been rushed to decentralize the investment rights of tens of billions of urban rail projects. Too sloppy.
According to the "Notice of the State Council on Strengthening the Management of Urban Rapid Rail Transit Construction" issued in 2003, the city that declares the development of subways should have a population of more than 3 million people, and the general budget of local finances should be more than 10 billion yuan, and the gross domestic product will reach More than 100 billion yuan, the passenger flow scale of the planned route reaches a one-way peak of more than 30,000 per hour.
Zhao Jian said that this notice was introduced 10 years ago. At that time, the cities that met this condition were some megacities and some provincial capital cities. But 10 years later, the cities that meet this condition are already numerous, this outdated The threshold for approval also contributed to the current tide of urban rail construction.
“At present, almost all cities plan to build rail transit in the city, and few consider the construction of commuter railroad between urban agglomerations. This is related to the planning concept of spreading cakes in our urban development. In fact, foreign big cities such as Tokyo, Paris and other commuter railroads between the very developed main city and the surrounding small towns, these railways are not very fast, and the cost is relatively low, which has played a certain role in solving the big city problem." Zhao Jian said.
Urban rail investment should be based on financial funds
Although the city has frantically approved the urban rail project after the decentralization of the approval authority, when it is actually implemented in the construction phase, the integration of funds is a difficult problem.
In recent years, the government has reduced the capital ratio of railway and urban rail transit projects. For example, the project capital of the first phase of Lanzhou City Rail Line 1 accounted for 27.48% of the total investment, which was financed by the provincial, municipal and district governments. The funds for the rest of the funds, the rest of the construction funds by the project owner Lanzhou Rail Transit Corporation through bank loans and other diversified financing methods.
At present, in addition to the local government financial contribution, the financing of rail transit mainly includes four separate modes of investment, construction, operation and supervision (the Shanghai Metro adopts this model) and BT (construction-transfer, Beijing Metro Olympic branch). Adopt this mode), PPP (public-private partnership, Beijing Metro Line 4 adopts this mode), BOT (construction-operation-transfer, Shenzhen Metro Line 4 adopts this mode).
According to people from the propaganda department of CNR Group, due to the gradual reduction of the business volume of China Railway Corporation in the purchase of vehicles in recent years, CNR has gradually begun to enter the urban rail field. At present, the annual sales of urban rail vehicles of CNR are 10 billion. Between 15 billion yuan, accounting for 1/6 to 1/9 of total sales. In addition to selling vehicles, CNR also directly participates in the construction of local urban rail projects through BT mode. Currently, it has already operated a project in Shenyang, and has also formed cooperation intentions with Zhuhai and Hefei. The overall business volume is 50 billion. about.
In Zhao Jian's view, these investment and financing models can certainly solve the urgent need, but the resulting debt is still carried under the name of local government. "Urban rail transit is a public welfare infrastructure. It should mainly rely on the government's public finance funds and corresponding support policies. It is good to introduce private capital, but it must not dilute the main position of government investment, and must prevent the tendency of excessive investment socialization. The development of China's toll roads has formed such a large debt, and it is inseparable from over-emphasizing the road's manageability and neglecting its public welfare."
Zhao Jian said that according to relevant research, urban infrastructure investment accounts for 3% to 5% of urban GDP, and urban public transportation (including rail transit) accounts for 14% to 18% of the total, that is, the share of public transport in urban GDP should not exceed 0.9. %, this is a reasonable indicator that the city's financial resources can withstand. "At present, many cities have seriously exceeded this target and have no financial resources. They want to attract social capital and result in a large debt."
2). Without alkali and other additives, PH broad in scope, ease of use; for low-temperature, low turbidity, low alkalinity of the raw water is also good flocculation
3).easily to use and good effective
1)The liquid product can be used directly or used after dilution.
Dilution is necessary before used for the solid product. The normal dilution ratio for the solid product is 5%-15%.
2)he specific dosage is based on the flocculation tests and trials by the users. The usual dosage of the liquid product is 3-40 g/ton, and of the solid product, 1-15 g/ton
Abstract After the absence of "mother-in-law", the "wife-in-law" can finally "give the master". On August 11, the Chongqing Municipal Development and Reform Commission and the Municipal Rail Group jointly announced that the Chongqing Feasibility Study Report on the Orbital Loop Project has been successfully implemented.
After the "mother-in-law", the "wife-in-law" can finally "give the master".