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After entering the 21st century, due to advances in technology and breakthroughs in key technology points, a new upsurge in the research and application of large-scale preparation of nanodiamonds has emerged. There are more and more research institutes and factories participating in this research in China, and some achievements have been made in the application research of nanodiamonds.
Since 2000, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Jilin University, Tsinghua University, Armored Force Engineering College, China University of Science and Technology, Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, North University of China (North China Institute of Technology), Yanshan University, Northwest University, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, etc. Synthetic nanodiamonds have been systematically studied from synthesis processes, influencing factors, purification techniques, performance characterization, dispersion techniques, and application techniques in many aspects. At the same time, it has also trained a group of talents in nano-diamond research.
Tianjin Qianyu Superhard Material Co., Ltd. added nano-diamond to SDZ-02 modified internal combustion engine oil, which can significantly improve the anti-wear effect and prolong the service life of internal combustion engine.
The Beijing Armored Force Engineering College added nano-diamond to the binder to make a metal tonic, which increased the tensile strength by 72% and the torsional strength by 20%.
Since 1998, the Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology has used nano-diamond as a reinforcing filler for polymer materials to study the strengthening effect of nano-diamond on several common rubbers. The results show that both strength and wear resistance are greatly improved. Slowed down the occurrence of rubber aging.
Using nanodiamond as raw material, isotropic diamond polycrystals can be formed at a lower temperature and pressure. Due to the small size of the diamond particles and the high bonding strength between the particles, the polycrystalline crystal is not easy to be broken and worn, and is used for manufacturing high-strength, high-life polycrystalline cutting tools for high-precision machining.
After grinding and polishing K8 optical glass, electrochemically deposited Ni, silicon and Sapphire coatings with nano-diamonds, the roughness is 5-10, 10-12, 6-10 and 17-20 respectively. Ai.
The composite plating layer such as stamping die and tool is made by using the plating solution containing nano diamond, which can greatly improve the hardness and wear resistance, thereby improving the service life of the tool. Huaqiao University, China University of Geosciences, Armored Force Engineering College, and Beijing Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering have all carried out similar work and achieved good results.
The protective layer of the magnetic recording material is made of nano diamond, and the access speed is high and wear resistance.
The sealing layer can also be made by using the characteristics of high hardness, corrosion resistance and thermal shock resistance of the coating, and its performance is far superior to the general sealing material.
The conductive diamond film formed by nano-diamond deposition of Northwest University can be used as a vacuum-cooled cathode with a low threshold to produce a low-power, high-brightness flat-panel display cathode.
Foreign scientists predict that diamond will replace the currently used semiconductor wafers in some special fields in the near future, becoming the mainstream of semiconductor materials for high-speed electronic devices.
In cooperation with the Fourth Military Medical University, nano-diamond is used as a carrier for biological antibodies because it has good surface inertness and does not contain heavy metal impurities. It does not cause changes in the structure and properties of biological antibodies, and does not affect its function. It is possible to be widely used in medical treatment.
Sichuan Jiuna New Materials Co., Ltd. uses Carbonado polycrystalline diamond powder to grind sapphire, and the grinding efficiency is more than three times that of single crystal diamond. The scratched surface of the grinding surface, less micro-cracks, high finish, and wide application in high-tech fields such as electronics, aerospace, aviation, and LED.
Grinding accuracy with polycrystalline diamond is unprecedentedly improved:
1. When the workpiece is polished using 2 to 4 μm of polycrystalline diamond powder, Ra (irrigity) is <1.6 nm.
2. When the workpiece is polished using 0 to 0.5 μm polycrystalline diamond powder, Ra = 1.3 to 1.4 nm.
3. When the workpiece is polished using 0 to 0.125 μm polycrystalline diamond powder, Ra < 0.1 nm.
The above application is only a preliminary and a good start. Whether nanodiamonds can be industrialized depends mainly on the application. Therefore, it is the key to increase the research and development of nano-diamond application technology.
Second, the industrialization of nano-diamonds and products
After nearly 20 years of research and development, nano-diamonds have moved from the laboratory stage to industrial scale production, and their applications have also made great progress. Mainly concentrated in the following aspects.
(1) Large-scale production of nano-diamond black powder and ash powder
Qinghai Microcrystalline Nano Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu Tiancheng Xin Diamond Nano Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Guangda Electromechanical Co., Ltd., Gansu Jinshi Nano Material Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Jingangyuan New Material Development Co., Ltd., Shandong Gold Group Jinkachi Nano Technology Co., Ltd. Responsible company, Beijing Guoruisheng Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou United New Materials Co., Ltd., Shaanxi Yilin Industrial Co., Ltd. are all professional manufacturers of nano-diamond powder by detonation, with an annual production capacity of 10 million carats of detonation nano-diamonds. .
Shanxi Taiyuan Kehua Nano Polycrystalline Diamond Company, Dalian Kaifeng Superhard Material Company, Sichuan Jiuna New Material Co., Ltd., Sichuan Keteng New Material Co., Ltd., etc., all have tens of millions of carats of Carbonado polycrystalline diamond The ability of micro powder.
At present, due to the slow development of downstream products and their promotion and application, the production potential is far from being realized.
(II) Large-scale production of lubricating oil and running-in oil with nano-diamond as additive
After more than ten years of exploration and research, the dispersing technology of nano-diamond powder has been solved, and the lubricating oil or running-in oil containing nano-diamond has been industrially scaled. There are “Jinang Powerbao†brand nano-diamond fuel additive of Chengdu Tiancheng Xin Diamond Nano Technology Co., Ltd., and “Jingangyuan†brand nano-diamond lubricant additive of Shenzhen Jingangyuan Company, produced by Tianjin Ganyu Superhard Material Co., Ltd. "Dog Fish" brand engine running-in oil, lubricating oil, gear oil, etc., Jinkachi nano-diamond anti-wear agent produced by Shandong Gold Group Jinkaichi Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Bonash Nano Fuel Additive of Beijing Bonas Company, Dongfeng Heli (Harbin) Petrochemical Co., Ltd. produced "Heli" brand nano-diamond lubricants.
(III) Large-scale production of composite coatings with nano-diamonds as additives
The nano-diamond composite nickel plating technology developed by Shandong Jinjin Group Jinkaichi Nano Materials Co., Ltd. and Chengdu Tiancheng Xin Drill Nanotechnology Co., Ltd. has successfully obtained industrial application on a wearable part, the hardness is greatly improved, the friction coefficient is significantly reduced, and the resistance is significantly reduced. The grinding performance is excellent and the service life reaches the international advanced level.
Third, the development prospects of nano-diamonds and products
Nano-diamond is a material with rich characteristics and is a challenging and full-fledged field. After more than ten years of research and production, it is recognized that nano-diamonds have broad application prospects in the production of raw materials, defense industry, precision polishing, petrochemical, biomedical, electronics, machinery, chemistry and other national economy and our daily life. I believe that in the near future, we will get scale application in various industries. (This article is excerpted from "China's Superhard Materials Industry Fifty Years")
Abstract 1. After the application of nanodiamonds entered the 21st century, due to advances in technology and breakthroughs in key technology points, a new upsurge in the research and application of large-scale preparation of nanodiamonds has emerged. Research institutes and factory companies participating in this research work are also getting more and more...
First, the application of nanodiamond