Australian and American scientists design the world's finest nanowires

A team of Australian and American scientists reported in the journal Science on the 6th that they successfully designed the world's finest nanowires, which are only one ten-thousandth the thickness of human hair, but their electrical conductivity is comparable to traditional copper. The conductors are comparable. This technology is expected to be applied in the field of quantum computer development.

Over the past 40 years, the industry has continuously researched and manufactured smaller-scale transistors, wires and other components to develop more advanced computers. However, the problem is obvious when the component reaches the atomic scale: as the circuit becomes smaller and smaller, the resistance is often too large with respect to the charge, making it difficult for the charge to flow to form a current. That is, quantum effects limit the scale-down of electronic devices when they are close to the nanoscale.

To solve this problem, scientists at the University of New South Wales, the University of Melbourne, and the University of Purdue in Australia used a carefully designed atomic precision scanning tunneling microscope to prepare nanowires on the silicon surface with only one phosphorus atom placed at 1 nm intervals. Its width is equivalent to 4 silicon atoms and its height is equivalent to 1 silicon atom. The nanowires designed in this way can make electrons flow freely and effectively solve the problem of resistance.

"Our technology shows that (computer) components can be reduced to the atomic level," said Bent Webb, a doctoral student at the University of New South Wales who led the study. "It feels great. This is a huge breakthrough. We are very excited."

Weber’s mentor, Mitchell Simmons, said that quantum computers may take more than a decade to come out. However, the research team has set a goal: to use phosphorus atoms as the smallest unit of information – just like bits in traditional computers. Developed a phosphorus-based quantum computer.

Quantum computer is a computer based on the laws of quantum mechanics. One of its main differences from traditional computers is that traditional computers use only 1 and 0 states to record data and perform calculations. Quantum computers can use multiple different The quantum state, therefore, has greater information storage and processing capabilities and is considered to be the direction of computer development in the future. (Reporter Ren Haijun)

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