Weeds are important factors affecting the growth of crops and causing the decline of crop yield and quality. With the promotion and application of chemical herbicides, the weeds have been effectively controlled. In order to better play the role of chemical herbicides in agricultural production, the following points should be noted in the use of chemical herbicides.

1. Correct selection of herbicide types

There are mainly the following types of herbicides: 1 selective herbicides. These herbicides are used within a range of doses to selectively kill certain harmful plants, while being safe for crops and properly used in crop fields, can achieve the goal of killing only weeds without harming the crops. 2 killed herbicides. This type of herbicide has a killing effect on all plants and is limited to killing grass as a leisure field and an idle place. 3 contact herbicides. Such herbicides only damage the site where the plant is exposed to the drug and have no effect on the site where the drug is not exposed. 4 internal absorption type weeding type. The active ingredients of such herbicides can be absorbed by the roots, stems and leaves of plants and rapidly transmitted to the whole plant, thereby killing harmful plants.

2. Select the right pharmacy according to the type of weed

Each herbicide has a certain herbicidal spectrum and physiological characteristics, and the herbicide should be selected reasonably for the occurrence characteristics of weeds. Weeds are divided into two types: monocotyledonous (grass) and dicotyledonous (broad). These two types of weeds are not sensitive to non-resistive herbicides, so there is no lethality. According to this particularity, post-emergence herbicides that are sensitive to grass weeds cannot be used in wheat fields, and herbicides that are sensitive to broadleaf weeds cannot be used in canola. For example, herbicides such as thrips and golden horses have good selectivity, long potency, and are resistant to rain. They are safe to use, but can only control wild oats and other monocotyledonous weeds; dimethyl tetrachloride has low volatility, slow effect and good effect. The safety of medication is high, and the effect of controlling the wormwood, wild rapeseed and leeks is good, but the effect on pig bristles is poor; thifensulfuron-methyl and tribenuron-methyl are high-efficiency herbicides, the dosage is small, and the use is convenient, but only Broadleaf weeds have good control effect. Therefore, in order to control broadleaf weeds, the herbicide imidacloprid should be selected according to the type of weeds; in the wheat field dominated by grass weeds, herbicides such as chloromeron, isoproturon, grass, and thrips can be used; For the broad-leaved weed-based wheat field, xyltetrachloride, bentazon, etc. can be used.

3. Rational use of drugs according to the period of administration

The herbicide application period is mainly divided into two periods: pre-emergence and post-emergence. 1 Before the seedlings generally refers to the seedling bed before seeding, or before planting after sowing. The main dosage and dosage per acre are: 50% acetochlor EC 80 ml, suitable for Solanaceae, Leguminosae, Cruciferous vegetables; 33% weeding emulsifiable concentrate 100 ml, suitable for Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Liliaceae, Cross Flowery vegetables; 50% dichlorfen WP 100-150 g, suitable for Solanaceae, Liliaceae, Cruciferous vegetables; 72% Duer emulsifiable concentrate 100 ml, suitable for Solanaceae, Leguminosae, Cruciferous vegetables 48% dilamine emulsifiable concentrate 150 ml, suitable for Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae vegetables; 48% trifluralin emulsifiable concentrate 100 ml, suitable for legumes, cruciferous vegetables; 50% butachlor EC 80 to 100 ml, suitable for cruciferous vegetables. The above drugs have a water volume of 50 kg and should be sprayed evenly on the soil surface. 2 After seedling use generally refers to the time when the weeds grow to 3 to 4 leaves. The main dosage and dosage per acre are: 10% quizalofol emulsifiable concentrate 40-50 ml, 5% refined grass gram 40-50 ml, 10% high-efficiency grass emulsifiable concentrate 20 ml and 20% catching emulsifiable concentrate 60-80 ml. Applicable to Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, Cruciferous vegetables; 15% refined to kill 40 to 50 ml of emulsifiable concentrate, suitable for Solanaceae, Leguminosae, Cucurbitaceae, Cruciferous vegetables: above The water volume is 50 kg, and should be sprayed evenly on the stems and leaves of the weeds, so as to avoid spraying on the crop plants.

4. Master the use of herbicides

The main methods of using herbicides are as follows: 1 Soil treatment. The herbicide is sprayed, sprinkled or poured onto the surface of the soil. After application, the soil layer is generally not turned over to avoid affecting the efficacy. However, for herbicides with low volatility, photolysis and mobility, it should be applied immediately after application in soil drought. Turn the soil table (3 to 5 cm deep). Trifluralin, lasso, and dilamine are commonly used soil treatment agents. 2 stem and leaf treatment. Selective herbicides are used and sprayed at the growth stage where crops are more resistant to herbicides. 3 Apply the application. When the weeds are higher than the crops, the herbicide with strong internal absorption is applied to the weeds, and the concentration of the drugs is increased when applied. This method is most suitable for field killing of grass with less weeds in the field. 4 herbs are applied. Mix the moist fine soil, fine sand and herbicide in a prescribed ratio, and mix them into a group to form a mass and spread the soil that can be spread. It is necessary to cover the plastic film with a plastic film for 2 to 4 hours, and then spread it evenly in the water after the dew is dried. When spraying the soil, the middle of the field should be filled with water, and the water should be kept for 7 days after application. 5 syrup spray. Use a emulsifiable and diffuse herbicide to poke 3 to 4 small holes in the original bottle cap and apply the original liquid evenly to the rice field. When spraying, Tianzhong should maintain a proper amount of water to facilitate the spread of the drug. 6 film weeding. The mulch is covered with the cultivated crop, and the herbicide dilution is sprayed after sowing, and then the mulch is covered. The dosage of this method is generally reduced by 1/4 to 1/3 compared with the conventional dosage.

5. Follow the principle of mixed herbicides

The herbicide should be used in strict accordance with the following principles: 1 the mixed herbicide must be different in killing grass; 2 the mixed herbicide should be used in the same period and method; 3 the herbicide can not be precipitated or stratified after mixing After the herbicide is mixed, the amount is 1/3 to 1/2 of a single amount. In addition, for herbicides that cannot be mixed with each other, the method of staging can also be used to kill weeds. The method of application is: alternately using herbicides on the same soil, such as killing grass weeds with trifluralin, killing broadleaf weeds with culling, and taking soil treatment and post-emergence stems. The method of leaf treatment is combined.

6. Pay attention to medication safety

The safety of medication is for crop phytotoxicity. Generally, the following points must be achieved: 1 It should be prepared and used strictly according to the prescribed dosage, method and procedure. The dosage should not be increased or decreased at will, and the spraying should be uniform and not leaking. Do not reapply. 2 According to the specific characteristics of herbicides, the herbicides that must be used before the seedlings cannot be used after the seedlings, the soil treatment agents can not be used for the treatment of stems and leaves, and the soil treatment agent should keep the soil moist after application, in order to benefit the drug effect. . 3 It is not suitable to spray in high temperature, high humidity or windy weather. Generally, it should be sprayed in sunny or windy weather with a temperature of 20~30 °C. When spraying, the direction of the spray hole should be consistent with the wind direction, and the direction should be perpendicular to the wind direction or the angle should be no less than 45 degrees, and the wind should be sprayed first, then sprayed on the wind to prevent the liquid from drifting with the wind and harm nearby sensitive crops. 4 In principle, it is not advisable to mix it with chemical fertilizers or other pesticides to prevent phytotoxicity. If it must be mixed, it should be tested before application. The sprayer that sprays the herbicide must be thoroughly rinsed with water after use, otherwise it may cause phytotoxicity. 5 pay attention to avoid phytotoxicity. To avoid the sensitive period of the crop, when the stem and leaf treatment is carried out, it is better to spray it in the 2 to 6 leaf stage of the weed. 6 For the soil treatment, the plot must be ploughed and leveled, and the spray liquid should be evenly distributed, otherwise the effect will be reduced. The efficacy of herbicides and the phytotoxicity to crops are decreasing in the order of sand, loam and sticky soil. Therefore, in the normal dosage range, the amount of sandy soil can be less, and the amount of soil used is heavy. Can be bigger.

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