For lawn chemical weeding, many lawn managers have doubts and take a wait-and-see attitude. They often ask the question, will the use of herbicides harm the grass? How can I use herbicides safely? How much weeds in the lawn can be prevented? Is it possible to control weeds? The use of herbicides is like a double-edged sword. Reasonable use can not only improve the efficiency of weeding, but also greatly reduce the cost of weeding. If it is not used reasonably, there are often various insecurities. First, the basic knowledge of herbicides (1) Classification of herbicides. According to the nature of the herbicide action and the mode of action, it can be divided into: Selective herbicide Such herbicides are sensitive to some plants at the usual dosages and safe to others. For example, Xiaohe is safe for bluegrass, tall fescue, ryegrass, bentgrass, and Zoysia. It is used in these turf to control a variety of grass weeds, but the Bermudagrass lawn is sensitive to it and vulnerable to application. 2. Killer herbicide These drugs are not selective for a variety of plants, and all plants can be killed once they are exposed to the drug. For example, glyphosate and paraquat have a killing effect on all green plants. It is impossible to use weeds in the lawn. Destroying the lawn or preventing the use of roadside grass can greatly improve work efficiency. 3. Systemic herbicide The medicament is applied to the soil or the weed plant, and is absorbed by the roots, stems, leaves, buds and the like of the weeds and transmitted to the whole plant, so that the weed growth is inhibited and died. If the weeds are sprayed on the lawn, the weeds can be passed through the leaves to induce weed poisoning. 4. Contact herbicide The agent touches the plant body and is killed. It only kills the aerial parts of the weeds and cannot be absorbed by the plants and transmitted in the plants. For example, paraquat does not cause photosynthesis death after burning the leaves of the plant in contact with the liquid. (ii) How to use herbicides Dilution of herbicides. The correct, reasonable and scientific dilution method of herbicides is an important condition for saving money, preventing waste, ensuring efficacy and preventing phytotoxicity. Not every herbicide can be added directly to the spray machine. The correct dilution method and precautions for dispensing are as follows: 1. According to the dosage form, the method of dilution is determined. The dosage form is different and the dilution method is different. (1) emulsion, emulsifiable concentrate Soluble powder, water and suspension, a certain amount of herbicide can be directly added to a certain amount of water sprayer, stirred and diluted. The ordinary plastic bag can be tied to the small wooden stick and stirred in the water, which makes the liquid evenly distributed. This method is used to dilute and eliminate impurities. (2) Dry suspending agent, wettable powder, concentrated emulsion, etc. must be prepared by two-step dilution: the first step is to accurately weigh the herbicide according to the requirements, and add a small amount of water to dissolve the solution to fully dissolve the mother liquor. In the second step, a certain amount of mother liquor is added to the quantitative water and diluted evenly. Trefoil, Xiaosha, Jinbaixiu, and Lusha are diluted by this method. 2. Prepare the diluent. To prepare the diluent in the sprayer, you must first add about 10cm of water to the sprayer, slowly add the agent or mother liquor to the agitation, and then add the water to the water line. 3. The specific gravity of the herbicide is not exactly the same as the specific gravity of the water. Do not park the liquid after it is dispensed. Spray it immediately. The sprayer water can only be added to the water line and must not be filled. First, the safety problem will splash on the applicator and splash on the lawn. Second, the water level is too full. When walking, the liquid is difficult to shake, affecting the uniformity of the liquid and affecting the weeding effect. Herbicide use 1. Spray method. (Demonstration) This method is used for weeds that have grown and for soil closure in open fields. At present, most of the artificial spray equipment used is backward, resulting in uneven spraying. Should choose a good material, durable, high pressure nozzle, it is best to use a fan nozzle. Before spraying, determine the spray flow rate and walking speed, determine the width of the spray width, accurately calculate the spray volume and dose, determine the spray pressure when spraying, the height of the spray head from the ground and the walking speed, and do not reduce the height of the nozzle at will. Try to do it: no heavy spray, no leakage, no high spray, no low spray. 2. The toxic sand method (demonstration) generally adopts this method for soil sealing of Chengping turf. Lawn weeding prevention and attention matters 1. Choose the best time to apply. Lawn chemical weeding should grasp the principle of “except early and smallâ€. The greater the age of the weeds, the stronger the resistance, and the increase in the dose, which not only increases the cost of prevention, but also easily causes phytotoxicity to the lawn. In normal years, when the weeds of the lawn are about 90%, the weed seedlings are young and resistant, and are easily killed. When the daily average temperature is 10 ° C or more, the lower limit of the recommended amount of the herbicide can achieve a control effect of 95% or more. 2. Strictly control the amount of medication. Since weeds and lawns are plants, it is necessary to ensure that herbicides kill weeds without harming the lawn. Because of the limited selectivity of herbicides, it is necessary to strictly control the amount of drugs used, and must not hate grasses and blindly increase the dosage. 3. Pay attention to the temperature at the time of application. Temperature directly affects the efficacy of the herbicide. For example, the application of dimethyltetrachloride and 2,4-D at 10 ° C or less is extremely poor, and the application of the drug at 10 ° C or above is good. The final effect of herbicides, fast-killing and superstars is not affected by temperature, but it shows herbicidal effects after 10-20 days at low temperatures. All herbicides should be applied when the temperature is high on sunny days to fully exert their effects. 4. Ensure proper humidity. Whether it is pre-emergence soil application or foliar application in growing season, soil moisture is an important factor affecting the level of efficacy. Pre-emergence application, if the surface soil layer is high in humidity, it is easy to form a strict drug-blocking layer, and the weed seeds are germinated and excavated quickly, so the control effect is high. During the growth period, if the soil is moist and the weeds grow vigorously, it is beneficial to the weeds to absorb the herbicides and operate in the body, so the effect of the drug is fast and the weeding effect is good. 5. Improve the application of pesticides. The herbicide must be applied evenly, and it can neither be re-sprayed nor leaked. If adjacent plots are sensitive plants for herbicides, isolation measures should be taken to ensure that no spray can be applied when there is wind, so as not to harm adjacent sensitive crops. The sprayed sprayer should be rinsed with bleach for several times before being used on other plants. The sprayer to which the herbicide is applied is preferably used exclusively to avoid harming other crops. 6. Strictly control the amount of water exchanged by herbicides. Taking Xiaohe as an example, the normal dosage of 90 ml per mu requires 30 kg of water, that is, two sprayer waters. At this time, the herbicide concentration is an effective herbicidal concentration. If the amount of water is too large and the concentration of herbicide is low, it will affect the herbicidal effect; if the amount of water is too small, the concentration of herbicide is high, and the lighter can inhibit the growth of the lawn, and the heavy one is likely to cause phytotoxicity; therefore, the herbicide must be strictly in accordance with the instructions. Water, you can use the measuring cylinder, beaker to assist weighing, try to achieve cool and accurate. In addition, the soil with high organic matter content is fine, the amount of adsorption to herbicides is large, and the amount of soil microorganisms is large, the activity is vigorous, the amount of the drug is degraded, and the dosage can be appropriately increased; and the soil particles of sandy loam are coarse, and the amount of the drug is adsorbed. Small, the drug molecules are mostly free in the soil particles, strong in activity, prone to phytotoxicity, and the dosage can be appropriately reduced. Most herbicides are stable in alkaline soils and are not easily degraded. Therefore, the residual effect period is longer and it is easy to cause phytotoxicity to the post-mortem seedlings. When applying on such soils, they should be used as early as possible and used with caution. Regarding the chemical weeding operation, it is generally said that five crops should be applied: one looks at the size of the lawn seedlings, two looks at the weed leaf age, three sees if the weather is clear, four sees the soil is wet and dry, and five looks at the soil sand sticky who is strong . Second, the basic knowledge of turfgrass Main characteristics of cold-season turfgrass The optimum growth temperature is 15 ~ 25 ° C, distributed in North China, Northeast, Northwest. It is cold-tolerant and has a long green period. There are two peak periods of spring and autumn in the year. The growth in summer is slow and there is dormancy. Rapid growth, good quality, wide use; can be used for seed reproduction, but also can be used for vegetative reproduction; poor heat resistance, poor resistance to pests and diseases, requiring fine management. High management costs. As the main genus of turfgrass application: Poa, ryegrass, fescue and genus. Main characteristics of warm season turfgrass The optimum growth temperature is 25-35 ° C, the Yangtze River Basin and the Jiangnan area. Heat-resistant, only one peak of summer growth in the year, slow growth in spring and autumn, wide use, seed propagation, vegetative reproduction, common vegetative reproduction, strong resistance to pests and diseases, relatively extensive management; short green period, quality Staggered. Other lawns: clover, horseshoe gold, safflower sorrel, Ophiopogon japonicus, onion orchid. Third, weed basics At present, there are nearly 450 species of lawn weeds and weeds, belonging to 45 families and 127 genera. There are 47 species of Compositae; 18 species of Polygonaceae; 9 species of Gramineae; 16 species of Cyperaceae; 14 species of Dianthus; 28 species of Labiata; 13 species of this family; 27 species of leguminous family; 12 species of Umbelliferae; There are 27 species of Brassidae, 25 species of cruciferae, 15 species of Ranunculaceae, 11 species of Solanaceae, 11 species of Euphorbiaceae, 8 species of Liliaceae, 7 species of Papaveraceae, and 7 species of Gentiana. There are 60 main weeds. According to the herbicide control weed category, weeds can be divided into three categories, namely grass weeds (tip grass), broadleaf weeds (round grass), sedge weeds (triangled grass) . The simple distinction between the three weeds is as follows: Gramineous weeds: leaves elongated; veins parallel; stem cut surface is round; roots are fibrous roots. Broadleaf weeds: broad leaves; veins reticular; stems are round or square; roots are straight roots with main roots. Cyper weeds: leaves elongated; veins parallel; stems cut into triangles; roots are fibrous roots.
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The root cause of this kind of doubt lies in the lack of knowledge of herbicides by many turf managers.
Use a closed herbicide such as Sueping (100-150ml per acre), mix some water and mix well with about 40 kg of fine sand, spread it evenly on the lawn, and spray it to the surface with spray or rain to form a 0.5-1cm thick medicine. Membrane, the weeds are killed when they come into contact with the film. The method can control the use of weeding for 40-60 days.
As the main genus of turfgrass application: there are mainly the following eight genera: Zoysia, Buffalo, Bermudagrass, Caragana, Valeriana, Bluntgrass, genus, Trich .
