Camera Module is generally composed of the following parts: Lens, image sensor, base bar and line.
If it is a camera module with AF function (generally a mobile phone camera), most of them adopt VCM mode, which has one more coil than the above structure. By adding points to the coil, the lens can move vertically to achieve the function of focusing. In the case of a camera with a shake resistant feature, the lens is also able to move horizontally to achieve an optical shake resistant effect
Camera module selection
The sensor and lens in the camera module usually account for more than 90% of the cost, and the image quality is also determined by them.
First, choose the most appropriate sensor according to the price you can accept, the Interface of the motherboard, and the resolution you need to take photos and video
The price of the sensor usually accounts for 40%-60% of the price of the module. In order to ensure that the resolution/Frame Rate can meet the requirements, sensors with better sensitivity and larger pixel area are selected at a certain cost.
Secondly, according to the purpose of the sensor you need, choose the lens with the appropriate size and field of view Angle. If a lens with a large field of view is needed, you can choose a fish-eye camera (also known as a wide-angle camera). However, for the image taken by the fisheye camera, there will be a distortion effect. In fact, the distortion effect can be corrected by itself.
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The main sensing component of the camera is CCD , which has the characteristics of high sensitivity, small distortion, long life, anti-vibration, anti-magnetic field, small volume and no residual image. CCD is the abbreviation of Charge Couple Device, which can The light is converted into a charge and the charge can be stored and transferred. The stored charge can also be taken out to change the voltage, so it is an ideal imaging element. It is a new device that replaces the camera sensor .
     The working principle of the CCD is that the object reflects light, propagates to the lens, and focuses on the CCD chip through the lens. The CCD accumulates the corresponding charge according to the intensity of the light, and periodically discharges to generate an electrical signal representing a picture. After filtering and amplifying processing, a standard composite video signal is output through the output terminal of the camera . This standard video signal is the same as the video output of a home video recorder, VCD player, and home video camera, so it can also be recorded or connected to a TV.
CCD camera selection and classification
The CCD chip is like the human retina and is the core of the camera. At present, China is not capable of manufacturing. Most of the cameras on the market use chips produced by Japanese companies such as SONY, SHARP, Panasonic, and LG. Now South Korea has the ability to produce, but the quality is less. Because the chip produces different grades, different manufacturers obtain different ways, etc., resulting in CCD acquisition effects are also very different. At the time of purchase, you can take the following methods: turn on the power, connect the video cable to the Monitor , turn off the lens aperture, see if there is a bright spot when the image is black, and the snow on the screen is not big. These are the most simple and direct detection of the CCD chip. The method does not require other specialized instruments. Then you can open the aperture and see a still life. If it is a color camera, it is best to take a colorful object and check whether the image on the monitor is color cast, distorted, and the color or gray level is smooth. A good CCD can restore the color of the scene well, making the object look clear and natural; and the image of the defective product will have a color cast, even if it faces a piece of white paper, the image will show blue or red. Individual CCDs have impurities on the CCD target surface due to dust in the production workshop. In general, impurities do not affect the image, but in low light or microscopic imaging, fine dust can also cause adverse consequences if used. Such work must be carefully selected.
1, according to the image color division
Color camera: It is suitable for detailing of scenes, such as distinguishing the color of clothing or scenery.
Black and white camera: Suitable for areas with insufficient light and areas where lighting cannot be installed at night. Black and white cameras can be used when monitoring only the position or movement of the scene.
The camera is also called a camera or a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) . Strictly speaking, the camera is the general name of the camera and the lens. In fact, the camera and the lens are mostly purchased separately. The user calculates the focal length of the lens according to the size of the target object and the distance between the camera and the object, so each user needs The lens is based on the actual situation, do not think that there is already a lens on the camera (head).