How to rescue the injured in a trapped car in a traffic accident?

The number of deaths caused by traffic accidents in China ranks first in the world every year. Between 2000 and 2010 , a total of 983,000 people died. According to statistics, in all types of traffic accidents in our country, the number of accidents involving vehicle-to-vehicle collisions is 2/3 of the corresponding total number of accidents, both casualties and economic losses . According to medical science, about 80% of accident deaths in China's traffic accidents occur within one or two hours after the accident and after the accident . Therefore, as a major force in the handling of traffic accidents, the fire brigade has been able to effectively rescue trapped people in “Platinum 20 minutes” and played a crucial role in maximizing the survival rate of accident victims.

1. Car crash type and rigid matching scheme design

The types of car collisions in traffic accidents are various, and there are almost no two accidents. However, from the statistical analysis of a large number of collision accidents, the types of car collisions can be basically divided into three types: frontal collisions, rear-end collisions, and side collisions. collision. According to U.S. statistics, figures in the figure are the probability of car collisions.

In recent years, great changes have taken place in the safety design of automobile manufacturing and models. Therefore, for rescue workers, it is necessary to understand the impact of the improvement of car safety performance on the rescue work. In modern vehicle safety design, the most ideal safety design plan should be the front and rear of the vehicle is a flexible structure, the design of the central rigid structure, the "energy absorption" design, it can use the front and rear of the body The impact energy is absorbed, and the rigid structural design of the middle part of the car provides the occupant with maximum impact protection, which can effectively ensure the occupant's living space. Although the energy-absorbing design can reduce the impact force on the middle of the car body, under the violent collision force, the deformation of the car body is unavoidable, and the rescue of trapped divisions and passengers is imminent.

2. Several trapped situations common in the accident and passengers in the accident

2.1 The impact zone was severely impacted and the cabin was deformed.

The force transmitted from the front end of the energy-absorbing area causes the engine room to shift backwards. The mechanical components on the instrument panel (such as the steering wheel) hold the driver firmly against the body; or after the collision, the inertia of the vehicle is used. Move the seat forward and place the driver's seat and front passenger's seat on the instrument panel. This type of situation occurs when two vehicles or multiple cars collide, and the bicycle hits obstacles due to improper operation. Most of the drivers are stuck on the chest, abdomen or lower limbs.

2.2 The vehicle is overturned due to improper impact or risk aversion.

In such accidents, the front, side, and roof of the vehicle are deformed due to the impact and rolling of the vehicle. If the vehicle stands upside down and upside down, the vehicle is liable to shake and fall. In particular, if a vehicle falls into a ditch, a river, or a valley, it is often the case that the person is seriously injured. The space for rescue operations is limited and the time is tight, which makes it extremely difficult for rescue work.

2.3 Occurrence of personnel crushing after a vehicle hits a pedestrian

Common people in such accidents are all under pressure on the chassis of the vehicle and are often killed on the spot, or parts of the trunk and limbs are held firmly by the wheels.

2.4 External Causes of Trapped Vehicle Personnel

During the running of the vehicle, due to improper operation of the front or side trucks, sudden braking, high-speed cornering, etc., the cargo carried was tilted and dropped and the vehicle was buried under pressure. As a result, people were trapped, and some trucks were transported with steel bars. Sharp objects such as bamboo and wood strips cause puncture injuries to people inside the vehicle. In such situations, firefighting forces are also often encountered in traffic accident rescues.

3. Disposal procedures and rescue measures

3.1 Detection and detection, delimit the rescue area

After the rescue vehicle arrives on site, the on-site commander immediately investigates the scene of the accident to understand the location, number, and injuries of the trapped person. For the collision of two vehicles and multiple vehicles, the accident area is centered on the accident vehicle. The operation area with a radius of 3-5m is designated as the first area. Non-operators are prohibited from entering the area; they are centered on the collision point. The rescue area with a radius of 10-15m is the second area, and non-rescue personnel are strictly prohibited in this area. According to the accident scene, the commander determines the area for preparing the equipment after rescue personnel and rescue equipment. It is generally close to the first area, which is convenient for rescue personnel to use. If the accident vehicle carries a chemical dangerous goods and is accompanied by a leakage phenomenon, the warning area shall be determined by inspection.

3.2 security protection, set the alert range

The first is to set a wide range of accident scenes. That is, the safety protection work at the entire accident site is well done. The vehicle collision accident often leads to traffic jams. To prevent the occurrence of a second accident due to the entry of other vehicles, the on-site commander must coordinate with the traffic police department to implement traffic control on the accident road section, and according to On-site situation The rescue vehicle is parked in a "blocking position" that can be separated from traffic, and a second protection is set to ensure the safety of the rescue scene. The second is to do a good job of safety protection for operators. Check whether the vehicle in the accident has potential safety hazards. For example, if there is exposure of the power cord or leakage of gasoline, personnel entering the rescue area must wear safety protection equipment in strict accordance with personal safety protection requirements, set up safety personnel, and perform site safety at any time during the demolition and cutting process. monitor.

3.3 Work implementation, rescue trapped personnel

3.3.1 Grouping and Division of Labor

According to rescue forces arrived at the scene to determine the worker group, generally a group of 5-6 people, 1 field commander who is responsible for organizing and coordinating their staff carry out rescue work, determined to save the method, while part-time security officer; rescue rescue group 2 -3 persons, responsible for the rescue of trapped persons, requiring familiarity with the equipment and equipment performance and capable of skillfully operating the various rescue tools; 1 equipment coordinator responsible for providing and delivering equipment; the staff can assist the rescue team to carry out work at any time when staff are insufficient; 1 person care workers, responsible for understanding trapped injuries, emergency medical assistance, monitoring vital signs, wounded, trapped emotional stability when necessary, such as professional medical personnel to the scene in time, may allow doctors to such employment.

3.3.2 Implementation of Rescue and Rescue

A. The vehicle is stationary. Normally fixed: When the accident vehicle position does not happen to fall or fall over, use a three-point or four-point support system, that is, use wooden wedges and pads to fix the same two wheels and the other side of the bottom of the car or directly fix the four wheels ( As shown in figure 1 ); rollover fixed: the position of the bottom of the car A , C respectively use the hydraulic jackbolt support, the top use of wooden wedges and pads to support (Figure 2 ); rollover fixed: use four fixed systems, respectively, in the roof Insert wooden wedges, gaskets between the back and the ground, insert gaskets between the engine compartment and the windshield to increase stability (Figure 3 ).

II. The door is removed. The occupant was trapped by the steering wheel and brake device on the chest and abdomen or lower limbs. The first option is generally to open the rescue passage for breaking down the adjacent doors. Front door removal: use hydraulic shears to squeeze the steel plate at the top of the front wheel compartment, create openings at the front door hinges, expand the upper hinges, remove the doors, and remove the rear doors: use hydraulic shears on the B- pillars Extend the opening at the rear door hinge and remove the door; trunk removal: Open or expand the trunk lock and cut off the trunk hinge. For the removal of all the side doors, according to the above method the removal of the top and bottom cut two door B-pillar, B-pillar is removed.

Three . It is the roof removal. In order to open up a more adequate space for human rescue and maximize access to the wounded, when the internal conditions of the accident vehicle are more complex and there are more trapped people, we can also choose to remove the roof to save people. Select the front, rear or part of the top cover to remove the specific circumstances, must remove the relevant window glass and door sealing tape, decorative plastic and other accessories and carefully check the airbag cylinder, seat belt extender position to avoid triggering this The damage is caused by the type of device, and the sharp parts exposed after cutting must be covered with a thick cloth to cover and protect it. When the car body is in normal condition, generally use the method of turning the car roof forward, that is, cut the B- pillar and C- pillar first, and simultaneously do the roof support, then cut the roof on both sides of the front windshield, and fold the roof forward to turn the engine Cover and fix; when the body is in rollover, select the A , B , C pillars that roll over the upper part to cut, first cut the middle part of the A pillar, and cut the B and C pillars near the top of the car in turn . To facilitate the rollover of the top cover, On the other side, the A and C columns cut the opening near the top cover, and a spacer is placed on the floor to prevent the fixed balance from being damaged and affect the stability of the vehicle. When the body is in the turning position, the door and the trunk door are disassembled, and the hydraulic lifting bar is used. Place the vehicle between the roof and the vehicle and maintain the pressure. Then cut the B and C pillars. Use the hydraulic jack to raise the rear of the vehicle to the height suitable for rescue. Use the support sleeve and gasket to reset the vehicle to four points. The system stabilizes the body and begins rescue operations when the rescue space is adequate.

Four . Is the dashboard up. If the occupant's chest and abdomen are stuck on the steering wheel, first try to move the seat backwards. If it cannot move, use the top support method to lift the instrument panel. There are mainly the following two methods. One is to top up the dashboard. First , cut the opening at the bottom of the A column with a cutting pliers , place the top bar fixing device at the bottom of the B column of the front door , and use the hydraulic top bar to support the space between the A column and the B column. During this process, pay attention to the edge of the top bracing. fill the bottom hole expansion column a wedge; two up support is a top dashboard: first shim placed underneath the a-pillar, cut open a hole directly in the column a, as shear despreader working point, the The scissor spreader is placed between the bottom of the A- pillar and the cut-out, and the instrument panel is raised using the expansion force. The above two methods must remove the front fender before use. When the instrument panel is raised to allow sufficient space for rescue, clamps and other equipment can be used to remove components such as brake pedals that trap the lower limbs of the occupants and rescue trapped persons.

4. Several things that should be noted in the rescue

A., With the growing number of hybrid models to promote the use, before the rescue work should first determine the vehicle off the oil, and try to avoid touching the circuit, the circuit, in order to avoid secondary accidents, endangering rescue and are Sleepy people.

II. The first time was before the rescue to clean up the glass and other sharp objects around the injured, remove seat belts, airbags and other protective devices, if the air bag is not expanded, measures should be taken to prevent the balloon pops up. During the rescue process, the injured should be observed at any time. If necessary, the medical staff at the scene should be assisted to carry out first aid and actively communicate with the trapped persons so that they can understand the progress of the rescue and encourage them to cooperate with the rescue work.

III. Is to reduce obstacles rescue scene, rescue, removing the parts to promptly clean up than the first area to avoid tripping over rescue workers occurred in the rescue process, bruises and so on.

Fourth, when cutting the body pillars and roof rails, it is necessary to remove decorative plastics, sealing tapes, and other items, and avoid items such as airbag inflator, belt reinforcement, and seat belt extender to prevent personal injury and equipment damage.

V. is removed from the injured process to advance their understanding of the injured area, if necessary, limb fixed, using wood after dressing, stretchered off, to avoid secondary damage.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.