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In the high-yield fertilization of rice, the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer is generally higher. From the nutritional balance, it is necessary to pay attention to the corresponding supplement of potassium fertilizer. Because the potassium supply is sufficient, the stems of rice plants can be thick and strong, the strength is improved, the mechanical properties are improved, the lodging resistance is both anti-falling, and the invasion of pathogenic pests can be effectively hindered. Therefore, in the case of a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer, if the amount of potassium fertilizer cannot keep up, The imbalance of nitrogen and potassium will cause less nitrogen and potassium deficiency or significant potassium deficiency. Symptoms of potassium deficiency in rice fields: such as the lack of potassium in the seedling stage, there may be dead seedlings; the potassium deficiency in the jointing stage is insufficient, the internodes of the plants are shortened, the rust spots on the lower part of the leaves are rusted, the leaves are severely deficient in potassium, and the rice plants become soft and soft. The accumulation of soluble nitrogen-containing compounds in the body reduces the stress resistance of rice, the stalks of plants are weak and easy to fall, the leaves lose water, the pests and diseases are heavier, and the safety of high yield is greatly reduced.
In recent years, with the promotion and application of super hybrid rice requiring a lot of potassium, the demand for potassium in hybrid rice is larger than that of conventional rice, and sometimes it is 30% to 40% higher. Although the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is increasing year by year, and the amount of organic fertilizer is relatively reduced, including straw returning is not universal, the trend of potassium deficiency in rice fields is increasing year by year. Potassium deficiency in rice fields often causes low seed setting rate, lodging, etc. The problem is that this is one of the obstacles to achieving high-yield and stable production targets.
It is reported that the relevant agricultural technology departments have carried out research and demonstration on the optimal application rate and fertilization method of agricultural potassium fertilizer in different seasons. The preliminary results show that the timely application of potassium fertilizer after sun-stalking has a great effect on the increase of rice yield, with an average yield increase of about 6%. Analysis of the reasons for increased yield: Potassium application can increase the rate of spike formation in super hybrid rice, reduce the tillering of the tiller to varying degrees, promote tillering and increase the number of effective panicles. And to a certain extent, improve the seed setting rate, and the 1000-grain weight also has an increasing trend. The participants in the experiment believed that the application of potassium fertilizer could reduce the degradation of tiller and increase the efficiency of rice tillering. The application of potassium could also enhance the grain filling intensity of rice, increase the seed setting rate and grain weight, and lead to the increase of rice yield.
In addition, the experimental demonstration results of how to apply agricultural potassium fertilizer in the cultivation of mechanical direct seeding rice showed that the potassium fertilizer dosage was 10 kg K2O per mu, all the fertilizers were applied before transplanting, and the iron teeth were used to penetrate 5 Under the centimeter soil layer. Potassium fertilizer was applied to the direct seeding rice, and the yield increased by 11.6% compared with no potassium application. The thickness of the stem in the first, second and third sections of the rice increased, especially the internode thickness increased significantly, indicating that the rice stem was applied after potassium application. The stalk resistance to lodging has been enhanced. The effective ear, the number of grains per panicle, and the seed setting rate are all high.
Generally, the application method of potassium fertilizer can be applied as base fertilizer, but in sandy soil or super high-yield cultivation, potassium fertilizer should be divided into base fertilizer and top dressing twice; hybrid rice is the peak of fertilizer absorption from tillering to booting stage, and the best topdressing is in Before the heading, the plant maintains a high nitrogen and potassium nutrient level during the fertility period to increase the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight.
(Senior Consultant of Sinofert, Professor of China Agricultural University Cao Yiping)
Rice is a food crop that requires a lot of potassium. The potassium consumption of the paddy soil is serious, especially in the southern acid soil area where the potassium potential is not high. In some high-yield rice production systems, potassium may be in a deficit state, which is very unfavorable for high yield. Therefore, in the current development of high-yield or even super-high-yield rice production, it is necessary to properly and timely supplement potassium fertilizer. It should be noted here that in order to improve the recycling of potassium in farmland, the input of potassium fertilizer can be appropriately reduced for rice fields with straw returning, because 70% of the potassium absorbed by rice in the season is present in the straw. However, it is important to effectively apply potassium in rice fields without straw returning.
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