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There are over 20 types of mineral feeds, including calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, potassium, sulfur, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium. Most of these minerals can be obtained from regular feed, but some require additional supplementation. Commonly needed supplements include bone meal and salt.
Bone meal is a fine powder made by grinding and drying bones that have been cooked. It serves as a primary source of calcium and phosphorus for livestock. Typically, bone meal contains about 40% calcium and 20% phosphorus. It should be provided throughout the year, particularly during breeding seasons. Female animals and young ones require more, with an extra 10-15 grams per day recommended. If fresh bones or fish-based feeds are regularly included in their diet, bone meal supplementation may not be necessary.
Salt is another essential additive, providing sodium and chlorine. A typical daily intake is around 2-3 grams per serving. Excessive salt consumption can lead to poisoning, so moderation is key. In diets rich in sea fish, salt might not be needed at all.
Today, market-available feed additives offer scientifically formulated blends to ensure all necessary vitamins and trace elements are adequately supplied. These specialized formulations replace traditional methods, enhancing nutrient delivery effectively. For instance, the new VC bags contain significantly more nutrients compared to older versions.
In summary, proper mineral management is crucial for animal health. Whether through natural food sources or supplements like bone meal and salt, ensuring balanced nutrition supports optimal growth and productivity in livestock farming.