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The United States has finally concluded its "double anti-dumping" investigation into Chinese photovoltaic (PV) products, announcing the final decision yesterday. In the early hours of Beijing time, the U.S. Department of Commerce released the definitive tariffs on Chinese crystalline silicon PV cells and components. The anti-dumping duty rates ranged from 18.32% to 249.96%, while countervailing duties were set between 14.78% and 15.97%. These include batteries, modules, laminates, panels, and building-integrated materials made in China. For an industry already struggling with overcapacity and declining demand, this punitive tariff is a major blow.
According to U.S. trade procedures, the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) is expected to make its final ruling on November 23. With the U.S. approaching a critical election period, trade protectionism has become a political tool for gaining support. As such, the ITC’s final decision is unlikely to be favorable for the Chinese PV sector. Industry experts are particularly concerned about the possibility of the EU following the U.S. example and imposing similar high tariffs, which could severely impact China's solar industry.
On October 11, Shen Danyang, a spokesperson for China’s Ministry of Commerce, criticized the U.S. for escalating trade tensions in the new energy sector, calling it a dangerous signal of protectionism that hinders global clean energy development.
Suntech Power, one of China's leading PV manufacturers, faced the highest anti-dumping duty at 31.73%, with countervailing duties at 14.78%, resulting in a combined tax rate of nearly 47%. Other top companies like Trina Solar and Yingli Solar also faced significant tariffs, though lower than Suntech. Meanwhile, many smaller Chinese manufacturers will face the maximum anti-dumping duty of 249.96%.
Analysts warn that if the U.S. imposes tariffs above 20%, Chinese PV products will lose their competitive edge in the American market. Tariffs exceeding 250% would likely push many companies out of the U.S. altogether. Given that the average gross profit margin for Chinese PV firms is no more than 10%, these tariffs are clearly unsustainable.
Suntech CEO E. L. Mick McDaniel called the ruling unfair, arguing that trade barriers only hurt the solar industry by making it less competitive compared to other energy sources. He warned that such measures could lead to a destructive trade war, benefiting only those who want to limit competition.
Trina Solar’s CEO Gao Ji said the company opposes the ruling but will comply with the decision and prepare for the ITC’s upcoming ruling. He emphasized the company’s right to appeal the decision further.
China’s Ministry of Commerce strongly condemned the U.S. action, calling it unjust and harmful to both Chinese exporters and U.S. consumers and suppliers. The ministry urged the U.S. to reconsider its approach.
Meanwhile, the European Union is also moving forward with its own anti-dumping and countervailing investigations against Chinese PV products. The EU launched its probe in September and has already submitted a list of 134 responding companies. Industry leaders fear that if the EU follows the U.S. model, the consequences for China’s solar industry could be catastrophic.
In response, Chinese PV companies are advised to focus on expanding domestic markets and accelerating international diversification by setting up factories abroad or investing in overseas solar projects. This strategy could help them bypass trade barriers and reduce dependence on foreign markets.