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There are over 20 types of mineral feeds, including calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, potassium, sulfur, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium. These minerals are typically found in regular feed, but some require additional supplementation. Among these, bone meal and salt are the most commonly added mineral supplements.
Bone meal is a fine powder made from cooking and drying bones, then grinding and drying them again. It serves as a primary source of calcium and phosphorus for animals. Typically, bone meal contains around 40% calcium and 20% phosphorus. It should be provided year-round, particularly during breeding seasons. Female and juvenile animals require more bone meal, with an additional 10-15 grams per day recommended. If fresh bones or fish-based meals are regularly included in their diet, there's no need to add extra bone meal.
Salt provides essential sodium and chlorine and should generally be supplied at a rate of 2 to 3 grams per serving daily. However, excessive amounts can lead to salt poisoning. In cases where the diet already includes significant amounts of sea fish, adding salt might not be necessary.
Currently, mineral feed additives are available on the market, formulated scientifically to ensure all necessary vitamins and trace elements are adequately supplied. These products offer a modern alternative to traditional supplements, often providing enhanced benefits compared to standard formulas like ordinary VC 10. By using specialized formulations, animals can receive tailored nutrition to meet their specific needs.
In conclusion, while natural sources like bone meal and salt play a crucial role in animal diets, advancements in feed technology provide innovative ways to optimize mineral intake. Whether through traditional methods or modern supplements, ensuring proper mineral balance remains vital for maintaining animal health and productivity.