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Chrysanthemum care tips:
Zinnia, also known as white AI or jade hibiscus, is a member of the Asteraceae family and is commonly referred to as wild chrysanthemum. This evergreen shrub is widely cultivated in the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, especially in Shanghai and Jiangsu. It is popular for indoor potting, bonsai, and balcony gardening. Its leaves emit a strong fragrance when touched, reminiscent of Aixiang, giving a cool and refreshing feeling that soothes the senses.
The gerbera plant typically grows between 60 to 120 cm tall, with narrow, wedge-shaped leaves measuring 2–3 cm in length and 0.3–0.5 cm in width. The leaves are silver-gray with fine pubescence. The flowers are nearly spherical, golden yellow, and about 4–5 mm in diameter, found in the leaf axils. It blooms from August to September. Xiangju, similar to silver-leaf chrysanthemum, has more delicate and fragrant foliage and is a specialty flower of Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province.
Native to southern China, Xiangju thrives in warm and humid conditions, preferring temperatures between 15–25°C. It can tolerate high heat up to 35°C and is fairly cold-resistant, surviving winter temperatures around 0°C. In the middle and lower Yangtze River region, it should be moved indoors after frost, and returned outdoors during Qingming to Guyu. It requires at least 6 hours of sunlight daily, especially in spring, autumn, and winter, but prefers partial shade in summer. It grows best in loose, well-drained sandy loam soil with a pH of 6–7.5. It needs consistent moisture but must avoid waterlogging, especially during the rainy season.
Germination starts in early April, with rapid growth of new shoots from May to June. Growth slows in summer due to high temperatures, then resumes in autumn, though not as vigorously as in spring. The shoots are easy to prune and shape, making them ideal for creative arrangements.
For planting, chrysanthemums are usually propagated through cuttings, which are best purchased between March and April. For seedlings, sow seeds in spring. Use clay pots, hexagonal, or rectangular containers. Mix garden soil, manure, and sand in a ratio of 6:1:3. Plant in late March to early April, using coarse charcoal or broken tiles as a drainage layer, followed by decomposed cake fertilizer or hoof meal as base fertilizer. Water thoroughly after planting and again the next day to ensure root-soil contact.
Pruning helps shape the plant into natural forms like layered clouds or curved branches, with 3–4 main branches and layers. Prune during slow growth periods (March–April and August–September). Be gentle with the brittle branches. During the growing season, regularly remove dense, long, or cross branches. In mid-May, trim new shoots to 2–4 cm when they reach 8–10 cm. After 10–20 days, new shoots will appear with beautiful silvery-gray leaves. Remove old base leaves before and after pruning. In mid-to-late July, if growth is vigorous, you can top the plant once or twice.
Fertilize carefully, using diluted organic fertilizers every 10–15 days during the growing season. In the later growth stage and after flowering, apply phosphorus and potassium-based fertilizers. You can spray 0.2% urea and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves. Avoid over-fertilizing in hot weather. Repot every two years, adding decomposed cake fertilizer or manure as base fertilizer (20–100 grams per pot).
Watering is crucial for Xiangju. Water regularly based on temperature and humidity—once or twice a week in spring and autumn, twice daily in summer, and once every 7–10 days in winter. Ensure the soil remains moist but not soggy. Avoid overwatering, especially during the flowering period. Check for drainage holes before the rainy season and drain excess water promptly after rain.
Pest control is relatively simple, as Xiangju is generally disease-resistant. Common issues include leaf spots, powdery mildew, mites, red spiders, scale insects, and leaf-eating pests. Treat leaf spots with 50% carbendazim or 75% chlorothalonil diluted 800–1000 times. Use triadimefon at 1000 times dilution for powdery mildew. Control aphids with imipenem at 1000 times. For scale insects, use 40% speed killing at 1000 times, applied 2–3 times. Red spider infestations can be treated with 15% broom emulsifiable concentrate diluted 2000 times. Regular inspection and prompt action are essential for maintaining healthy plants.