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Microbial fermented feed has become increasingly popular as the scale of animal farming expands, due to its ability to replace antibiotics and other synthetic additives. This type of feed is produced by using microorganisms to break down anti-nutritional factors in plant, animal, and mineral-based materials under controlled conditions. It primarily uses agricultural by-products as raw materials to create nutrient-rich, non-toxic feed for livestock and poultry. Common microbial strains used in this process include *Bacillus subtilis*, *Lactobacillus*, *Acetobacter*, *Bacillus licheniformis*, *Bacillus natto*, and *Bacillus cereus*. Fermented feed can be further categorized into solid-state fermented feed, single-cell protein, bacterial protein, amino acids, enzyme preparations, and probiotics.
One of the key advantages of microbial fermented feed is its ability to reduce the incidence of diarrhea in weaned piglets, improve daily weight gain, and promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria while suppressing harmful ones. The presence of lactic acid bacteria helps maintain a healthy intestinal environment. Additionally, yeast cells found in fermented feed are rich in proteins, B-vitamins, fats, sugars, and enzymes, which provide essential nutrients that enhance feed efficiency and weight gain in young animals.
Another benefit is the improvement in protein quality and reduction in crude fiber content. Microbial fermentation breaks down toxins present in feed, degrades low-quality plant or animal proteins, and synthesizes more digestible microbial proteins. This process also enhances feed palatability and digestibility by 12 to 16 percentage points. Moreover, during fermentation, microbes produce growth-promoting substances that further support animal health and development.
In addition, using fermented feed can lower overall feed costs and improve meat quality. For example, incorporating corn stalk powder fermented feed into broiler diets not only reduces feeding expenses but also enhances the quality of the final chicken product. This makes microbial fermented feed a sustainable and economically viable option for modern animal production systems.