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In order to maintain optimal growing conditions for tomatoes during the hot season, it is recommended to water the plants in the early morning and late evening. After moistening the soil, it's important to drain the surface to avoid excessive humidity, which can lead to root diseases. The soil should remain consistently moist throughout the growing period. Fertilization should be done in conjunction with irrigation. Ten days after planting, apply a 3% compound fertilizer solution while also performing weeding and cultivation. When the first ear of fruit reaches the size of a walnut, apply 10 kg of urea per mu. Once the third ear becomes stable, another 10 kg of urea should be applied to support continued growth.
Pruning is essential for healthy tomato development. A single-stem pruning method is recommended, where only the main stem is kept and all side branches are removed. Additionally, any foot buds should be eliminated, and a herringbone frame should be installed to prevent the plants from lodging. By the end of September, it's important to remove the central shoot and leave three clusters of fruit, retaining 3-4 fruits per cluster. This helps improve the quality of the tomatoes by reducing overcrowding.
To prevent flower and fruit drop caused by high temperatures, it's advisable to use plant hormones at the right time. During the flowering stage of autumn tomatoes, a solution containing 15-20 mg/kg of 2,4-D can be sprayed to help retain flowers. Each flower should be treated only once. At the fruiting stage, a 2000 mg/kg ethephon solution can be applied to the stems to promote ripening. If the temperature is too low and the fruits do not naturally turn red, applying 2000 mg/kg of ethephon can help the green fruits develop color at room temperature. Tomatoes can then be harvested and sold from late December through early January.
Common pests and diseases affecting tomatoes in the autumn include downy mildew, brown spot, aphids, and tobacco budworms. To manage these, alternating between Daisen zinc (800 times dilution) or antivirus矾 (600 times dilution) every 7 days can help control disease outbreaks. For aphid control, a 40-50 times dilution of tobacco water or a 3000 times solution of avermectin can be used. Tobacco budworms can be managed with a 2000 times dilution of 20% cypermethrin.
To protect against frost, the timing of shed coverage depends on the local climate. It is crucial to ensure that more than 50% of the fruit remains fresh for morning market sales. When temperatures drop below 20°C, the sheds should be put up. After covering, monitor the internal temperature regularly. When it reaches 26°C, ventilation should be initiated, and the venting time should gradually decrease as the temperature drops. When the temperature falls to 5°C, no further ventilation is needed.
Source: Agricultural Products Processing Information Network
This detailed guide ensures that tomato growers can effectively manage their crops through proper watering, fertilization, pruning, pest control, and frost protection, leading to higher yields and better-quality produce. With careful attention to each step, farmers can maximize their harvest and successfully bring their tomatoes to market.