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In the past decade, electrical fires have become a major concern in China, surpassing all other types of fire incidents. According to statistics from the Fire Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, 159,000 fires were recorded in 2007 (excluding forest, grassland, military, and underground mine fires). Among these, electrical faults were the primary cause, accounting for 28.8% of all incidents. In 2008, the number of fires dropped slightly to 133,000, but the proportion of electrical fires rose to 30.1%, an increase of 1.3 percentage points. This upward trend highlights the growing risk of electrical fires, making early detection and prevention more critical than ever.
To address this issue, authorities have emphasized the importance of early warning systems and proactive measures to prevent electrical fires at their source. As a result, the installation of electrical fire monitoring and alarm systems has become a requirement in many buildings, especially in public facilities such as hospitals, schools, and commercial complexes.
This article explores the application of the Acrel-6000 Electrical Fire Monitoring System in hospitals and large public spaces, based on the national standard GB14827-2005 and the practical implementation at the Sixth Hospital Affiliated with Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou.
**Project Introduction**
The Sixth Hospital Affiliated with Sun Yat-sen University is a comprehensive medical facility that combines treatment, education, research, prevention, and rehabilitation services. The project focuses on the southern and northern electric shafts of the hospital, aiming to detect and monitor potential fire risks caused by electrical leakage or overloads. The system provides real-time monitoring of electrical circuits, identifying faults and abnormal conditions promptly to alert staff and reduce fire hazards.
By detecting leakage current, overcurrent, and overheating signals, the system uses sound and light alarms to notify personnel of fault locations and track changes in the affected areas. It also stores fault data and displays the power status of the system, helping to prevent common electrical fire accidents and ensuring the safety of both people and property.
**Reference Standards**
The system complies with the Chinese national standard GB14287.1-2005 titled "Electrical Fire Monitoring System – Part 1: Electrical Fire Monitoring Equipment," which outlines the technical requirements for electrical fire monitoring equipment.
**Basic Composition and Working Principle**
According to the national standard GB14287-2005 and the "Design Method of Electrical Fire Monitoring System," the system consists of three main components: electrical fire monitoring equipment, residual current detectors, and temperature-type detectors. The residual current detectors include a monitoring unit and a residual current transformer (available in plug-in or closed types), while the temperature detectors consist of a monitoring unit and a temperature sensor.
The system employs a hierarchical distributed architecture, comprising a station control layer, a network communication layer, and a field device layer. Each electrical fire monitoring probe connects to the communication server via a shielded twisted pair RS485 interface using the MODBUS protocol. The data then flows through a Category 5 TCP/IP network to the monitoring host, enabling centralized control and real-time monitoring.