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In the past decade, electrical fires have become the leading cause of fire incidents in China, surpassing all other types. According to statistics from the Fire Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, there were 159,000 fires recorded in 2007 (excluding forest, grassland, military, and underground mine fires). A significant portion of these fires—28.8%—were caused by electrical issues. In 2008, the number of fires dropped slightly to 133,000, but the percentage of electrical fires rose to 30.1%, marking an increase of 1.3 percentage points. This upward trend highlights a growing concern, as electrical fires continue to pose serious risks.
To address this issue, early detection, real-time monitoring, and timely warnings have become essential in preventing such incidents. Eliminating potential hazards at their source is now a top priority for fire safety authorities. As a result, relevant government agencies have introduced or updated regulations requiring the installation of electrical fire monitoring and alarm systems in buildings.
This article explores the application of the Acrel-6000 electrical fire monitoring system in hospitals and large public spaces, based on the national standard GB14827-2005 and the implementation of the Leakage Fire Monitoring System at the Sixth Hospital Affiliated with Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou.
### Project Overview
The Sixth Hospital Affiliated with Sun Yat-sen University is a comprehensive medical facility that integrates treatment, education, research, prevention, and rehabilitation services. The project focuses on the electrical distribution systems in both the southern and northern electric shafts of the hospital. The goal is to detect and monitor potential fire risks caused by electrical leakage, ensuring early identification of faults and abnormal conditions in the power circuits.
By continuously monitoring residual currents, overcurrents, and temperature anomalies, the system provides accurate alerts through sound and light signals, helping staff locate and address issues promptly. It also records various fault and test data, displays the power status of the system, and effectively prevents common electrical fire accidents caused by leakage. This not only enhances safety but also reduces labor costs and minimizes fire-related risks.
### Reference Standards
The system complies with the Chinese national standard GB14287.1-2005 titled “Electrical Fire Monitoring System – Part 1: Electrical Fire Monitoring Equipment.†This ensures that the system meets the required technical specifications for reliable performance and safety compliance.
### System Composition and Working Principle
#### 3.1 Basic Components
According to the national standard GB14287-2005 and the related specification “Design Method of Electrical Fire Monitoring System,†the basic components of an electrical fire monitoring system include:
- **Electrical Fire Monitoring Equipment**
- **Residual Current Type Electrical Fire Monitoring Detectors**
- **Temperature-Type Electrical Fire Monitoring Detectors**
The residual current type detectors consist of a monitoring unit and a residual current transformer, which can be either plug-in or closed-type. The temperature-type detectors are composed of a monitoring unit and a temperature sensor.
The system adopts a hierarchical distributed architecture, consisting of three layers: the station control layer, network communication layer, and field device layer. Each electrical fire monitoring probe connects to the communication server via a shielded twisted pair RS485 interface using the MODBUS communication protocol. The data then flows into the monitoring host through a Category 5 TCP/IP connection. This structure ensures efficient and reliable monitoring across the entire system.