Fire and Rescue Knowledge

★ How to save people in the event of a fire?

1. Human Rescue Act: When many people are trapped by fire, they should be evacuated to safer areas within the building and then guided to the ground level. This helps minimize panic and ensures a more organized evacuation.

2. Transfer Rescue Act: Guide trapped individuals to move from the roof or upper floors to adjacent safe units, using staircases to reach the ground safely.

3. Ladder Rescue Method: Use ladders or climbing tools to rescue people from high places, especially when elevators are not available.

4. Rope Rescue Method: Utilize ropes, pipes, or other sturdy materials to slide down from higher levels. Always ensure the rope is secure before use.

5. Control Rescue Method: Use fire hoses to control flames on escape routes, ensuring that people can move through these areas safely.

6. Slow Descent Method: Use specialized descent devices to lower people safely to the ground, especially in high-rise buildings.

7. Net Rescue Method: In emergencies where people are considering jumping, use blankets, sheets, or canvas to create a temporary "life net" to catch them.

★ How to escape when a fire occurs?

1. If you're in an area with light smoke, walk low and cover your mouth with a wet towel to avoid inhaling harmful fumes. If smoke is thick, crawl to reduce exposure.

2. Avoid running downwind. Instead, move upwind or find an alternative route away from the fire's spread.

3. For small fires, wear wet clothing and quickly move through the flames. If stairs are blocked, use the roof or another building’s staircase to escape. If all else fails, use ropes or torn sheets to descend. In low-rise buildings, throw cushions or blankets below to soften the fall.

★ How to evacuate people during a fire?

1. Immediately inform everyone about the fire location and the safest escape routes. Clear communication is key to a successful evacuation.

2. Organize the evacuation by floor, directing people away from the fire direction. Ensure that all exits are accessible and unblocked.

3. Open natural smoke vents and activate smoke control systems to improve air quality for evacuees. If no system is available, remind people to cover their faces with wet towels.

4. In urgent situations, use emergency equipment like life ropes, ladders, or evacuation slides to help people get out quickly.

★ How to prevent explosions during a fire?

1. First, assess whether an explosion is possible in the burning area. Be cautious of gas leaks or pressurized containers.

2. When entering a room with a closed door, check the handle first. If it's hot, do not open it—this could lead to a backdraft or flashover.

3. For flammable containers, close valves or cool them with water to prevent further combustion or rupture.

4. If an oil barrel begins to expand, it may explode soon. Avoid standing near it and cool it down if possible.

5. If a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cylinder is leaking and burning, watch for changes in flame color or sound. If the flame turns silver and makes a loud “slam” noise, evacuate immediately and take action to stop the leak.

★ Common initial fire fighting methods:

1. Oil Fire: Never pour water on it, as it will cause splashing. Cover the fire with a wet cloth or large pan to cut off oxygen supply.

2. Electrical Fire: Cut off the power first. Use carbon dioxide, dry powder, or sand to extinguish the fire. Avoid water or foam due to electrical hazards.

3. Gas Tank Fire: Cover the fire with a soaked blanket or clothing and quickly close the valve to prevent further fueling the fire.

★ Dry Powder Fire Extinguisher Usage:

1. ABC dry powder extinguishers are suitable for solid, liquid, gas, and electrical fires but cannot be used on metal fires.

2. To use, pull the safety pin, hold the nozzle, stand upwind, and press the handle to release the powder. Aim at the base of the fire and maintain pressure until the flames are out.

★ Causes of Electrical Fires:

Electrical fires often result from aging wiring, overloads, moisture, or excessive dust. Common trouble spots include switches, wire junctions, fuses, and appliances.

★ What should company members know about fire prevention and firefighting?

1. Understand the company's fire protection systems and their locations.

2. Know where fire-fighting equipment is stored.

3. Learn how to report a fire effectively.

4. Master the basic use of fire extinguishers.

5. Learn essential fire-fighting and escape techniques.

★ What happens when a fire occurs?

1. Immediately alert company leadership and provide the location and time of the fire.

2. Gather resources and organize efforts to fight the fire.

3. Quickly guide trapped individuals to safe exits and evacuation routes.