Fire and Rescue Knowledge

★ How to Save People in the Event of a Fire?

1. Human Rescue Act: When many people are trapped by fire, they should be evacuated to safer areas within the building and then guided to the ground level.

2. Transfer Rescue Act: Direct the trapped individuals to move from the roof through stairs to another unit and then down to the ground.

3. Ladder Rescue Method: Use various ladders or climbing tools to rescue those in danger.

4. Rope Rescue Method: Utilize pipes or available ropes inside or outside the building to slide down safely.

5. Control Rescue Method: Use a fire hose to control flames on the fire escape stairs and help evacuate people.

6. Slow Descent Method: Employ specialized descent devices to lower trapped individuals to the ground safely.

7. Net Rescue Method: In emergencies where people may jump, use blankets, sheets, or canvas to create a "life-saving net" for rescue.

★ How to Escape When a Fire Occurs?

1. If you are in a burning area, try to escape immediately. If smoke is light, walk bent over. If it's heavy, crawl while covering your mouth and nose with a wet cloth to reduce smoke inhalation.

2. Avoid running downwind. Instead, move upwind and bypass the fire zone if possible.

3. For small fires, wear wet blankets or quilts and rush through the flames. If stairs are blocked, escape via the roof or another building’s stairs. If all else fails, tie sheets together and slide down, or throw cushions to soften the fall (for low-rise buildings).

★ How to Evacuate People During a Fire?

1. Activate the alarm system and clearly explain the location of the fire and the evacuation routes.

2. Organize the evacuation on the affected floor and in adjacent areas, directing people away from the fire’s direction toward safe exits.

3. During the process, open natural smoke vents and activate smoke control systems. If no such facilities exist, remind evacuees to cover their mouths and noses with wet towels.

4. In critical situations, use escape equipment like ladders or slides to evacuate people quickly.

★ How to Prevent Explosions During a Fire?

1. First, assess the risk of explosion in the burning area.

2. When fighting a fire in a closed room, touch the door handle first. If it’s hot, don’t open it to avoid backdraft or flashover.

3. If a container holding flammable materials is involved, close the valve or cool it with water.

4. If an oil barrel begins to expand, it may explode soon. Keep a safe distance and cool the barrel with water.

5. If a liquefied petroleum gas cylinder starts leaking and burning, watch for changes in flame color and sound. If it turns silver and makes a “slam” noise, evacuate immediately and take emergency action.

★ Common Initial Fire Fighting Methods:

1. Oil Fire: Never pour water on it, as it can cause splashing. Cover the fire with a large wet cloth to cut off oxygen and smother the flames.

2. Electrical Fire: Cut off the power before attempting to extinguish. Do not use water or foam. Use carbon dioxide, 1211, dry powder extinguishers, or sand. Keep a safe distance from electrical equipment.

3. Gas Tank Fire: Cover the fire with a soaked blanket or clothing and quickly close the valve.

★ Dry Powder Fire Extinguisher Use:

1. Ammonium phosphate (ABC) dry powder extinguishers are suitable for solid, liquid, gas, and electrical fires, but not for metal fires.

2. To use: Remove the safety pin, hold the nozzle, stand upwind, press the handle, and spray at the base of the flame until the fire is out.

★ Causes of Electrical Fires:

Short circuits, overloads, aging wiring, humidity, and dust accumulation are common causes. Common fire-prone areas include switches, wire connections, fuses, lighting, and appliances.

★ What Should Company Members Know About Fire Prevention and Extinguishing?

1. Understand the company’s fire protection systems and their locations.

2. Know where fire-fighting equipment is stored.

3. Learn how to report a fire promptly.

4. Be familiar with using basic fire extinguishers.

5. Master essential fire-fighting and escape techniques.

★ What Happens When a Fire Occurs?

1. Immediately alert the company leadership and report the time and location.

2. Organize firefighting efforts based on the information received.

3. Quickly guide trapped individuals to safe exits and evacuation routes.