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Compound fertilizers are essential tools in modern agriculture, designed to provide balanced nutrition to crops and improve soil fertility. Here's a detailed overview of different types of compound fertilizers and their applications:
1. **General-Purpose Compound Fertilizer**
This type of fertilizer is ideal for a wide range of crops and soils. It typically comes in formulations like 15-15-15, 16-16-16, 17-17-17, and 18-18-18, with a total NPK content ranging from 45% to 54%. These fertilizers offer a well-balanced mix of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), ensuring long-lasting effects and high nutrient efficiency. They help maintain soil fertility, reduce nutrient imbalance, and can increase crop yields by 20–30%.
When used as a base fertilizer, it should be mixed into the top 15 cm of soil during plowing or land preparation. This method improves fertilizer efficiency and prevents damage to young seedlings. To avoid burning, keep the distance between fertilizer granules and seeds or roots at least 8–12 cm. The application rate varies depending on the crop: for field crops, about 30–50 kg per acre; for vegetables, 40–60 kg per mu; and for mature fruit trees, around 1.5–2 kg per tree. The amount is usually adjusted based on expected yield.
2. **High-Nitrogen Compound Fertilizer**
These fertilizers have higher nitrogen content compared to phosphorus and potassium, such as 30-10-11, 25-10-16, 20-10-10, and 28-6-6. They are highly soluble in water and suitable for various crops like wheat, corn, rice, and cotton. They can be used as a base fertilizer or top dressing, with typical application rates of 30–50 kg per acre. They are especially effective for vegetables and fruit trees when applied as a top dressing.
3. **High-Nitrogen and High-Potassium Compound Fertilizer**
Formulations like 17-6-22, 16-6-20, 22-5-13, and 20-10-15 are ideal for enhancing disease resistance, lodging resistance, and grain quality. They promote better grain filling and increase both yield and quality. These fertilizers are commonly used in high-yield fields for crops like wheat, rice, corn, and cotton, as well as in sweet potatoes, tuber vegetables, and fruit trees, especially during critical growth stages such as flowering and fruiting.
4. **High-Nitrogen and High-Phosphorus Compound Fertilizer**
With ratios such as 15-20-10, 14-25-6, 12-22-14, and 18-22-8, these fertilizers are particularly useful for oilseed crops like peanuts and soybeans, as well as fruits and vegetables. They are best suited for medium- to low-yield areas where phosphorus levels are insufficient. Choosing the right fertilizer depends on local conditions, including crop type, soil fertility, and desired yield.
It’s important to note that some crops, such as fruits, vegetables, and tobacco, are sensitive to chlorine. Therefore, chloride-based fertilizers should be avoided in such cases. Instead, sulfur-based compounds are recommended to enhance product quality and economic returns. Always tailor your fertilizer choice to specific needs and environmental conditions for optimal results.