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### 1. Auditory Method for Monitoring Rolling Bearings
The auditory method is a common technique used to assess the condition of rolling bearings. The most basic tool is a wooden-handled screwdriver or a hard plastic tube with an outer diameter of approximately 20 mm. For more accurate results, an electronic stethoscope is recommended.
#### Normal Operation
In normal operation, the bearing should run smoothly and quietly, with no unusual noise. A light, uniform “click†sound may be heard, along with a low “bang†sound. These are normal and indicate that the bearing is functioning properly.
#### Abnormal Sounds and Faults
- **Sibilant Sound (Hissing):** A continuous hissing or sizzling sound may indicate insufficient lubrication or a reduction in grease penetration. This often happens after long periods of inactivity or in cold weather. Adjusting the clearance and replacing the grease can help.
- **Periodic "Ho Luo" Sound:** A regular, periodic sound combined with a “哗哗†(gurgling) noise suggests surface damage such as cracks, grooves, or rust on the raceway or rolling elements. In such cases, the bearing should be replaced.
- **Cracking Sound ("Stalk"):** A sharp cracking sound may indicate cage or inner ring failure. This is a serious issue and requires immediate shutdown and inspection.
- **Irregular Beeping Sound:** This could mean that foreign particles like iron shavings or sand have entered the bearing. It’s important to clean the bearing and add or replace the lubricant.
- **Sand-like Noise:** This type of noise usually indicates looseness between the inner ring and shaft or the outer ring and housing. Proper alignment and tightening should be checked and adjusted.
- **Whistling Sound:** A high-pitched whistle suggests poor lubrication, tight fit, or misalignment. Immediate inspection is required to identify and resolve the issue.
#### Electronic Stethoscope Usage Tips
- Use consistent monitoring points and compare them to baseline data for accurate assessment.
- Select sensor positions carefully, ensuring the direction of vibration matches the sensor's sensitivity.
- Ensure the measurement surface is clean, flat, and free from rust or paint.
- Apply a pressure force of 10–20 N during measurement to ensure accuracy.
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### 2. Magnetic Plug Method for Monitoring Bearings
This method is suitable for bearings using lubricating oil. The magnetic plug should be placed near the main bearing being monitored, ideally on the return oil line, without filters or hydraulic components in between.
#### Normal Wear Debris
During the running-in period or normal operation, the wear particles are typically 0.01–0.015 mm in size, with some metal powder. New bearings tend to generate more debris initially, which decreases over time.
#### Faulty Wear Particles
Fault-related wear particles are generally larger, ranging from 0.025–0.05 mm, and may include irregular shapes. Steel ball fragments appear circular and petal-like, while raceway fragments are round and fractured. Roller fragments are curved rectangles, and raceway debris appears irregularly rectangular.
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### 3. Temperature Measurement Method
While temperature rise is a useful indicator, it may not detect early-stage issues like fatigue, cracks, or dents. If the temperature exceeds 70–80°C, the bearing should be stopped immediately to prevent further damage.
For new equipment, regular temperature monitoring helps determine if the bearing is operating correctly. Excessive heat often indicates improper installation or tight clearance, which should be corrected promptly to extend the bearing's lifespan.
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- Common Classification Methods for Rolling Bearings
- How to Install a Thrust Bearing
- Description and Characteristics of Four-Point Contact Ball Bearings
- Why Do Bearings Rust?
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**Simple Diagnosis of Rolling Bearings**
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Source: China Bearing Network | Time: 2014-06-19