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Rolling bearings are essential components in many mechanical systems, and their proper functioning is crucial for the smooth operation of machinery. Early detection of bearing issues can prevent costly breakdowns and extend the lifespan of equipment. There are several methods to diagnose rolling bearings, including auditory inspection, magnetic plug analysis, and temperature monitoring.
**1. Auditory Inspection Method**
One of the most common techniques for diagnosing rolling bearings is through sound monitoring. A wooden-handled screwdriver or a hard plastic tube with an outer diameter of about 20mm can be used as a simple listening tool. However, using an electronic stethoscope provides more accurate and reliable results.
- In normal operation, a rolling bearing should produce a smooth and quiet sound without any unusual noise. You may hear a slight "click" or a low "bang," but these should not be loud or persistent.
- If the bearing emits a continuous "hissing" sound, it could indicate insufficient lubrication. This often happens when the bearing has been idle for a long time, especially in cold weather.
- A periodic "rumbling" sound might suggest damage on the raceway or rolling elements. In such cases, the bearing should be replaced.
- A sharp "clacking" sound may indicate a broken cage or inner ring, which requires immediate attention.
- Irregular "beeping" sounds can be caused by foreign particles like metal shavings or sand inside the bearing. Cleaning and replacing the grease is usually necessary.
- A continuous "grinding" sound might indicate improper fit between the bearing and the shaft or housing. Adjustments should be made to correct this issue.
- Sharp whistling noises often point to poor lubrication or excessive tightness. The bearing should be inspected to identify and resolve the underlying problem.
When using an electronic stethoscope, it's important to:
- Use similar monitoring points and compare them with static conditions.
- Select the right sensor position, ensuring it aligns with the direction of vibration.
- Ensure the measurement surface is clean and flat.
- Apply a pressure of 10–20N during the measurement.
**2. Magnetic Plug Method**
The magnetic plug method is suitable for bearings that use oil lubrication. It involves placing a magnetic plug near the main bearing in the return oil line, allowing it to collect metal debris from the system.
- Under normal conditions, the wear particles are typically small (0.01–0.015 mm) and consist of fine metal dust. During the running-in phase, the number of particles increases, but decreases after the bearing stabilizes.
- Fault-related wear particles are larger (0.025–0.05 mm) and may have irregular shapes. These can indicate fatigue pitting or other types of damage.
**3. Temperature Monitoring Method**
Measuring the temperature rise of a bearing can help detect early signs of failure. While temperature monitoring is useful, it may not always reveal issues like cracks or indentations in the early stages. When the bearing temperature exceeds 70–80°C, it should be stopped immediately to prevent further damage.
For new equipment, regular temperature monitoring after installation helps ensure proper adjustment. If the temperature rises excessively, it may indicate a tight clearance or misalignment, which should be corrected promptly to prolong the bearing’s life.
**Conclusion**
Regular diagnosis of rolling bearings is essential for maintaining the efficiency and reliability of mechanical systems. By combining auditory inspection, magnetic plug analysis, and temperature monitoring, engineers can detect potential issues early and take corrective actions before serious failures occur.
Related Articles:
- Common Classification Methods for Rolling Bearings
- How to Mount (Position) a Bearing
- Description and Characteristics of Four-Point Contact Ball Bearings
- Why Do Bearings Rust?
For more information, visit [China Bearing Network](http://www.chinabearing.net).
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Source: China Bearing Network | Time: 2014-06-19