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Temperature sensors are among the earliest developed and most widely used types of sensors. They can be broadly categorized into three main groups: traditional discrete sensors such as thermocouples, thermistors, and thermal diodes; analog integrated sensors; and advanced sensors like acoustic, laser, infrared, and microwave temperature sensors, which are based on the interaction between waves and matter. These technologies have evolved to meet the growing demand for precise and reliable temperature measurement in various industries.
When it comes to selecting and applying temperature and humidity sensors, it's essential to understand that both parameters are fundamental physical quantities that influence nearly every natural process. While temperature sensors have a long history, humidity sensors emerged more recently, particularly in the 1990s. The use and evaluation of humidity sensors remain technically complex for many users due to their sensitivity and variability.
Choosing the right temperature and humidity sensor involves careful consideration of several factors. First, determine the required measurement range and accuracy. Most applications don’t need full-range (0–100% RH) humidity measurement, except for specialized fields like meteorology or scientific research. Accuracy is a critical parameter—each percentage point increase significantly affects performance and cost. For general applications, ±5% RH is often sufficient unless precise control is needed, in which case ±3% RH or better may be necessary.
Time and temperature drift must also be considered. Over time, environmental factors like dust, oil, and chemicals can degrade sensor performance. Most electronic humidity sensors experience annual drift of around ±2%, so regular calibration is essential. Manufacturers typically recommend recalibration every 1–2 years.
Additionally, humidity sensors are not sealed and should be protected from acidic, alkaline, or solvent-rich environments. Avoid placing them in dusty areas or near walls where airflow is restricted. In large spaces, multiple sensors may be needed for accurate readings.
Power supply stability is another important factor. Some sensors require specific power inputs, and signal transmission over long distances can cause attenuation. For distances beyond 200 meters, frequency output sensors are recommended.
Other selection criteria include environmental conditions, installation requirements, gas type compatibility, and system integration. Cost-effectiveness, reliability, and maintenance are also key considerations. Brands with strong reputations and proven track records are generally more trustworthy.
Adaptability, replaceability, and availability of spare parts should also be evaluated. A good after-sales service ensures long-term support and reliability.
By carefully evaluating these factors, you can choose the right temperature and humidity sensor for your specific needs, ensuring accuracy, efficiency, and long-term performance.
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